Priča kao pomoć u odgoju

Cilj je rada predstaviti korištenje priče kao učinkovitu metodu pri rješavanju problemskih odgojnih situacija. Neke problemske situacije kod djece predškolske dobi mogu biti izazvane zbog emocije straha, ili pak zbog nemogućnosti kontrole emocije ljutnje, odnosno pojave agresije. Prije samog odabira metode rješavanja problema potrebno je pristupiti djetetu i definirati problem, te otkriti djetetove želje i potrebe. Biblioterapija je jedan od načina korištenja priča za pomoć u odgoju jer podrazumijeva plansku uporabu književnog teksta i književnih izražajnih sredstava radi olakšavanja i poticanja različitih načina nošenja sa stresom. Kroz priču dijete ima priliku poistovijetiti se s glavnim likom, ili u priči može prepoznati neko svoje intimno iskustvo, a to mu kasnije omogućava da pristupi rješavanju problema s gledišta likova iz priče. Polazište za odabir odgovarajuće priče u svrhu pomoći u odgoju leži u samome djetetu i njegovoj problemskoj situaciji, te u njegovim individualnim potrebama i interesima. Rad donosi pregled slikovnica koje pomažu u odgoju, te prijedlog mogućih metodičkih scenarija obrade priče pri radu s djecom predškolske dobi. Osim toga, u radu su predstavljeni rezultati istraživanja u obliku internetske ankete ispunjavane od strane odgojitelja, a koja je propitivala učestalost pričanja priča ili čitanja slikovnica među djecom, najčešće korištene metodičke postupke pri obradi priče, njihove stavove o biblioterapiji te stavove o korištenju priče kao pomoći u odgoju. Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju da većina odgojitelja koristi priče u radu s djecom preškolske dobi upravo jer korištenje priče smatraju učinkovitom metodom utjecaja na odgoj, kao i učinkovitom metodom za rješavanje problemskih situacija.The aim of the paper is to present the use of a story as an effective method of solving problematic educational situations. Some problematic situations that preschool children have may be caused by emotional fear, or an inability to control the emotion of anger which leads to aggression. Before choosing the problem solving method, it is necessary to approach a child and define the problem, and also to identify the child's desires and needs. Bibliotherapy is one of the ways of using stories as help in education, because it implies the use of literary texts and literary expressions for the purpose of facilitating and stimulating different ways of dealing with stress. The child has the opportunity to identify with the main character of the story, or can recognize some of his own intimate experiences, which later enables him to solve the problem from the story character’s point of view. The starting point for selecting appropriate stories for help in education lies in the child himself and his problem, as well as in his individual needs and interests. The paper provides an overview of picture books that help in education, and a proposal of possible methodological scenarios for dealing with stories in working with children of preschool age. In addition, the paper presents research results in the form of an online survey filled by preschool teachers, which has been examining the frequency of story telling or reading the picture books, the most commonly used methodology in telling stories, their views on bibliotherapy, and the use of stories as a help in education. The obtained results confirm that most preschool teachers use stories in working with preschool children exactly because they see the use of these stories as an effective method for influencing education and solving the problematic situations