ADHD u djece predškolske i školske dobi

U predškolskim i školskim ustanovama sve je više djece koja imaju dijagnozu ADHD-a. Poremećaj pažnje, hiperaktivnost i impulzivnost, tj. ADHD (od engl. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) jedan je od najčešćih neurorazvojnih poremećaja 21. stoljeća. Točan uzrok nastanka poremećaja nije poznat no smatra se da su simptomi koji se javljaju povezani s kemijskom neravnotežom u mozgu. Poremećaj se češće javlja kod dječaka nego kod djevojčica. Ponašanja djece s ADHD-om su različita i ovise o stupnju izraženosti teškoće. Međutim, svima njima zajednički je problem nemogućnost održavanja pažnje, impulzivnost i hiperaktivnost. Djeca s ADHD-om teško funkcioniraju u predškolskom i školskom okruženju jer ga doživljavaju kao nemotivirajuće, obeshrabrujuće i neprimjereno njihovim potrebama. Velika većina djece s ADHD-om su vrlo inteligentna i maštovita no poremećaj im onemogućava razvoj svih njihovih potencijala. Nažalost, okruženje djecu s ovim poremećajem ne razumije te ih često okarakterizira kao neodgojenu, nepromišljenu pa čak i zločestu. Ova djeca trebaju pomoć i potporu odraslih (roditelja, odgojitelja, učitelja, okruženja u kojem žive) i što se dijagnoza prije uspostavi te se dijete uputi na primjerene terapije olakšat će mu se svakodnevno funkcioniranje. Postoji široka lepeza terapijskih tehnika koja se provodi na djeci, od terapije lijekovima do alternativnih metoda. Terapija ili kombinacija terapija koje se provode, individualne su za svako dijeteIn preschool and school institutions, there are more and more children getting diagnosed with ADHD. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of the 21st century. The exact cause of the disorder is not known, but it is considered that the symptoms that it causes are connected with brain chemical imbalance. Disorder is more common in boys than in girls. The behaviors of children diagnosed with ADHD are different and depend on the degree of the disorder is expressed on. However, all of them share a common problem of the inability to maintain attention, as well as impulsiveness and hyperactivity. Children with ADHD have hard time operating in preschool and school settings because they experience it as unmotivating, discouraging and unaccomodating to their needs. The vast majority of children with ADHD are very intelligent and imaginative, but the disorder prevents them from developing all their potentials.Unfortunately, often social environment precieves children diagnosed with ADHD as misbeahed, reckless and as if they had not reached the level of education as their peers seem to had done. Therefore, these children need help and support of adults (parents, educators, teachers, the social environment they live in etc.) Moreover, the sooner the diagnosis is determined and the sooner the child diagnosed with ADHD is refered to proper therapy, the sooner the everyday life of these kids is going to become much more improved in its quality. Of course, therapies that are being conducted are individually designed for each child