Revolutions of 1848 - 1849 in Central and Southeast Europe

Do revolucija iz 1848. i 1849. došlo je zbog brzog razvoja gradova i masovnog useljavanja seljačkog stanovništva što je dovelo do nezaposlenosti, nedostatka novca, pada tržišta i gladi. Uslijedile su gospodarske krize koje su izazvale seljačko i građansko stanovništvo na pobunu koja je na koncu izbila u proljeće 1848. godine. Zanimljiva je činjenica u vezi čuvenih revolucija da su se odvile čitavom Europom u isto vrijeme. Nakon revolucija u Italiji i Francuskoj u siječnju i veljači 1848. pokrenut je val ustanaka diljem srednje i jugoistočne Europe. Bune koje su zahvatile Habsburšku Monarhiju dovele su skoro do raspada zbog siline kojom su bile vođene. Naročito se izdvojila mađarska revolucija koja je utjecala na ostale ustanke u Monarhiji. Njom su se narušili hrvatsko-mađarski odnosi zbog mađarske želje za monopolom nad Hrvatskom. Na ovo je ban Josip Jelačić odgovorio ratom koji je okončao revoluciju 1849. godine. Još jedan važan uzrok koji je doveo do stanja 1848. bilo je nacionalno buđenje naroda i u Njemačkoj želje za jedinstvom. Europski narodi su počeli biti svjesni svoje nacionalne pripadnosti te se odlučili dignuti na noge i boriti se za nju. Iako je rezultat revolucija bio neuspješan i uveden je apsolutizam ipak su uspjele dovesti do ukinuća feudalizma. Prema nekim povjesničarima ovo označava kraj srednjeg vijeka i početak novog, a zasigurno označuje prekretnicu u povijesti.The cause of revolutions of 1848 and 1849 was the rapid development of cities and the massive immigration of the peasant population, which led to unemployment, lack of money, market decline and famine. This was followed by economic crises that caused peasant and civilian populations to rebel, which eventually erupted in the spring of 1848. An interesting fact about the famous revolutions is that they took place throughout Europe at the same time. Following the revolutions in Italy and France in January and February 1848, a wave of uprisings was launched throughout Central and South-eastern Europe. The uprisings that affected the Habsburg Monarchy almost led to its breakup because of the strength of the rebel forces. In particular, the Hungarian Revolution stood out, affecting other uprisings in the Monarchy. It disrupted relations between Croatia and Hungary because of Hungary's desire to have a monopoly over Croatia. To this Ban Josip Jelačić responded by the war that ended the 1849 revolution. Another important cause that led to the situation in 1848 was the national awakening in people and a desire for unity in Germany. The peoples of Europe began to realise their nationalities and proceeded to stand up and fight for them. Although the revolutions were unsuccessful and absolutism was introduced, they still managed to abolish feudalism. According to some historians this marks the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern history, and certainly marked a turning point in history