Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome

Grčka, ali i rimska medicina u početku je mitsko - religijskog karaktera. Podizani su brojni hramovi i svetišta u kojima su bolesnici tražili pomoć bogova u izlječenju bolesti. Najpoznatiji je kult boga Asklepija (Eskulap) koji je prisutan kod Grka i Rimljana. U 6. st. pr. Kr. medicina poprima obilježja znanosti te nastaju medicinske škole u Kireni, Krotonu, Rodu, Knidu i Kosu. Od velikog značaja za medicinu imala je škola na Kosu koju je osnovao Hipokrat. U vrijeme njegova djelovanja medicina doseže svoj vrhunac, a Hipokrat dobiva nadimak „Otac medicine“. Njegova zbrirka pod nazivom Corpus Hippocraticum, poslužila je liječnicima kao izvor teorije i prakse u medicini. Osvajanjem Grčke, Rim postaje središte kulture i znanosti. Medicina u Rimu doživljava uspon za vrijeme Galena (2. st.) koji je stvorio novi medicinski sistem temeljen na hipokratskoj medicini. Taj medicinski sustav poznat je pod nazivom galenizam, a dominirao je medicinskom znanošću sve do 16. st. U razdoblju između Galena i propasti Rimskog Carstva, ne postoji originalno medicinsko djelo. U medicini dolazi do zastoja što pogoduje nastanku raznih mističnih struja. U kasnoj antici medicina je počela nazadovati, a razlog tome je važnost koju je kršćanstvo pridavalo tijelu. Tako je u razdoblju procvata kršćanstva medicina doživjela duboke promjene koje su odredili novi politički i socijalni uvjeti, ali i širenje kršćanstva.Greek as Roman medicine had its beginnings in mythology and religion. Many shrines and sanctuaries where risen where the sick could seek aid of the god's in healing their ailments. Most famous of those was the cult of god Asclepius which was present in Roman and Greek culture in 6th century B.C. when medicine starts to take shape in science when medical schools in Cyrene, Crotos, Rhodes, Cnidus and Cos. One of the schools that had a major impact was the one in Cos which was founded by Hippocrates. During his time medicine reaches its peak, when Hippocrates gets his nickname of „Father of medicine“. His collection under the name of Corpus Hippocraticum was used by doctors as source of theory and practice in medicine. After Greek is concurred Rome becomes center of culture and science. Medicine in Rome is in an upswing during the time of Galen (2. c.) who invented the new medicine system based on Hippocrates medicine. That system was known under the name of Galenism, and it was dominating in medicine science up until the 16th century. In between the time of Galen and the fall of Roman empire there was no original medicine work written. There is a stalemate in medicine which causes the creation of many sects. During later periods of antiquity Medicine actually started to regress which was caused by Christianity and the value it gave to the body. So in the period when Christianity was blooming medicine received deep changes which were determined by new political and social conditions and the spreading of Christianity