Nurses' perspectives on advance directives before the establishment of the new well-dying law in Korea: A mixed methods study

AIM: This study explored the attitudes, experiences, and perceptions of Korean nurses toward advance directives (ADs) before the establishment of new Well-Dying Law. METHODS: A sequential explanatory mixed method design was applied. We administered a constructed questionnaire on attitudes toward ADs and end-of-life issues and experience related to end-of-life decision-making. A Korean-translated version of the KAESAD [Knowledge-Attitudinal, Experimental Survey on ADs] was administered by 245 nurses. Semi-structured interviews (N = 16) were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded in a qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The quantitative results revealed the nurses' perspectives on ADs: that valuing patient's autonomy, authority, or rights is vital to the implementation of ADs and end-of-life decision-making. Also, nurses reported that patients should be knowledgeable and informed about ADs. These responses allowed us to generate an interview, which revealed four themes in adopting the Well-Dying Law, including ADs. Themes with 'benefits' and 'roles of health care providers' mainly supported the quantitative results. Themes with 'ethical issues,' such as disagreement between patients and family members on ADs, and 'preparation,' regarding adopting the new law, should be importantly considered when implementing ADs in clinical settings. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights that nurses need to develop sufficient knowledge on the laws, and communication skills to help patients be knowledgeable and make their own decisions regarding ADs. To successfully adopt the Well-Dying Law, our findings suggest that a nationwide public campaign and a continuing education program for nurses to manage ethical issues regarding ADs are required.restrictio