Spatial modeling and dynamics of a photovoltaic generator for renewable energy application.

Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006.Photovoltaic systems alongside energy storage systems are a recognized distributed generation (DG) technology deployed in stand-alone and grid connected system for urban and rural applications. DG system ranging in size from a few kilowatts up to 50 MW refers to a variety of small, modular power-generating technologies connected to the electric grid, and combined with energy management and storage systems to improve the operation of electricity delivery systems. DG provides solutions to two long standing problems of power system operation: non-availability at all times of sufficient power generation to meet peak demands and the lack of capacity of existing transmission lines to carry all the electricity needed by consumers. Installing DG at or near a customer load can eliminate the need to upgrade existing transmission/distribution networks to handle the extra power requirement. Since these distributed energy systems are inertia-less and possess large time constants (response times), there are significant interactions between these systems, the power converters and the distribution networks. This precipitates new dynamics and control limitations, which are unknown in the conventional electric power distribution networks. To perform effective load scheduling, high performance control and optimal operation of these energy systems require an understanding of the dynamic and steady state characteristics of the DG system. This thesis report presents a mathematical model for a Photovoltaic (PVG) generator system, including the energy-storage system. Laboratory test results for steady state performance analysis using various loads are presented and discussed. It concludes with a fundamental economic evaluation of system