Efficiency of double skin facade from the aspects of indoor environmental quality and energy use impact of ventilation rate on radon concentration in the indoor environment

Magistrsko delo obravnava vpliv stopnje prezračevanja na koncentracijo radona v notranjem okolju. Želeli smo ugotoviti, ali so zahtevane količine svežega zunanjega zraka, ki so predpisane ali priporočene po slovenski zakonodaji, zadostne za zagotavljanje mejnih vrednosti koncentracij radona. Vta namen smo izvedli simulacije s programskim orodjem CONTAM 3.2 inrezultate verificirali z že izvedenimi meritvami v spalnici, ki se nahajana območju Idrije. Na temo kakovosti notranjega zraka s stališča radona ter vpliva načina in stopnje prezračevanja na koncentracije radona v notranjem okolju,smo izvedli tudi sistematični pregled študij. Naosnovi rezultatov, dobljenih popregleduraziskav,smo opredelili mogočvpliv radona na zdravje uporabnika stavbe. Z dobljenimi rezultati magistrskega dela smo prišli do zaključka, da je zagotovitev kakovostnega notranjega zraka nujno potrebna za zdravje in udobje uporabnika. Pogosto uporabljena minimalna predpisana stopnja prezračevanja po Pravilniku o prezračevanju in klimatizaciji stavb, Uradni list RS, št. 42/2002 s spr., ki znaša 0,5 h-1, ne zadosti ustrezne kakovosti notranjega zraka. Na območjih z visoko izpostavljenostjo radonu bi morali za obravnavana referenčna prostora upoštevati večjo količino, ki je odvisna od namembnosti prostora. Z optimalnokoličino svežega zraka v prostor zagotavljamo, da koncentracije radona ostanejo pod zakonsko določeno mejno vrednostjo 300 Bq/m3, navedeno vUredbio nacionalnem radonskem programu, Uradni list RS, št. 86/2018,ali pod priporočeno vrednostjo 100 Bq/m3, ki je navedenav slovenskemstandarduSIST EN 16798-1:2019. S temhkratizmanjšujemo tveganje za negativne zdravstvene izide pri uporabnikih,kardokazujejo tudi mnoge raziskave. Verifikacija in validacija modela sta pokazaliujemanjemed 6% in 16%, odvisno od izbranega meseca v letu. Do večjega odstopanja pride le v mesecu oktobru. Predlagamoučinkovito ter konstantno prezračevanje prostorov, hkrati pa se je potrebno zavedati, da gre le za trenutni ukrep. V primeru visokih koncentracij radona je potrebno problematiko reševati celostno, in sicer zradonsko sanacijo samih virov radona. Celovit pristop preprečevanja in obvladovanja tveganja je potrebno upoštevati v vseh fazah gradnje novih ali prenovljenih objektov.The aim of this master thesis is to investigatethe impact of the ventilation rate on radon concentration in an indoor environment.We wanted to determine whether the required quantities of freshair, prescribed or recommended by Slovenian legislation, are sufficient to ensure the concentration of radon in the limit values. For this purpose, we performed simulations using the CONTAM 3.2 software tool and verified the results with measurements already carried out in a bedroom located in the Idrija area. We also conducted a systematic review of studies on indoor air quality from the radon point of view and the potential impact of ventilation rate on radon indoor concentration. Based on the results of the research review, we have identified the potential impact of radon on human health. With the results of the master thesis, we concludedthat the provision of quality indoor air is necessary for users% health and comfort.The most often used minimum prescribed ventilation rate which,according to the Rules on ventilation and air-conditioning of buildingsequals 0,5 h-1, is not sufficient toensure indoor air quality. In areas with high radonexposure, a larger amount, depending on the intended use, should be considered for the kindergarten classroom and the office, which werethe subjects of my research. With the optimal amount of outdoor fresh air into the room, we ensure that radon concentrations remain below the limit of 300 Bq/m3, stated in the Decree on the National Radon Program,or below the recommended value of 100 Bq/m3, stated in the Slovenian standard SIST EN 16798-1: 2019. This also reduces the risk of negative health outcomes for users, whichmany studies have shown. Model verification and validation showed a match between 6% and 16%, depending on the selected month of the year. A major deviation occurs in October. We suggest efficient and constant ventilation of closed rooms, but at the same time,it is necessary to be aware that this is an immediate measureonly. In the case of high concentrations of radon, the problem must be solved entirely, that is,byananti-radon system. A complete risk prevention and management approach must be followed at all stages of construction of both new and refurbished facilities