The effect of untreated sexually transmitted chlamydia infection on adverse pregnancy outcomes

Uvod: Spolno prenosljiva klamidijska okužba je ena najpogostejših spolno prenosljivih okužb. V večini primerov poteka asimptomatsko, vendar nezdravljena lahko predvsem pri ženskah pusti dolgotrajne posledice, kot sta vnetna medenična bolezen in neplodnost. V nosečnosti lahko povzroči zaplete, kot so prezgodnji porod, spontani splav in mrtvorojenost. Testiranja v Sloveniji se ne izvajajo rutinsko, le na željo nosečnic. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti prevalenco spolno prenosljive klamidijske okužbe, njen vpliv na zdravje nosečnice in razvoj otroka, raziskati vpliv okužbe na neželene izide nosečnosti s poudarkom na prezgodnjem porodu ter preučiti zdravstvenovzgojno in preventivno vlogo medicinske sestre v obravnavi okužene nosečnice. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom domače in tuje literature, objavljene med letoma 2009 in 2019. Iskanje literature je potekalo v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, ScienceDirect, COBIB.SI in Medline/PubMed. V analizo smo vključili 14 člankov. Rezultati: V državah razvitega sveta, kamor sodi tudi Slovenija, je prevalenca okuženosti nosečnic s spolno prenosljivo klamidijsko okužbo od 3 do 14 %. Spolno prenosljiva klamidijska okužba v ženskem reproduktivnem traktu povzroči vnetni proces, ki znatno poveča možnosti za spontani prezgodnji porod, spontani splav ter mrtvorojenost. Medicinska sestra se mora nenehno izobraževati o novostih na področju testiranja, da lahko s svojim zdravstvenovzgojnim delom ozavešča nosečnice in njihove partnerje o pomembnosti zgodnjega testiranja in zdravljenja. Razprava in zaključek: Zgodaj odkrita in ozdravljena spolno prenosljiva klamidijska okužba nima vpliva na zdravje matere in razvoj ploda, zato je pomembno hitro prepoznati dejavnike tveganja in simptome okužbe. Medicinska sestra ima poglavitno vlogo v ozaveščanju in izobraževanju nosečnic o okužbi. Obravnavane raziskave so heterogene in pozivajo k nadaljnjim podrobnejšim študijam na tem področju.Introduction: Sexually transmitted chlamydial infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. In most cases they are asymptomatic, but left untreated they can leave long-term effects especially in women, for example pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. In pregnancy it can affect the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery, spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. In Slovenia screening for chlamydial infections isn\u27t done routinely, only when pregnant women ask for it. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of sexually transmitted chlamydial infections, it\u27s affect on pregnant women\u27s health and infant development, explore the effect of infection on adverse pregnancy outcomes, specifically preterm delivery, and the health-educational and preventative role of the nurse when she is caring for infected pregnant women. Methods: A descriptive method of work was used with a systematic review of domestic and foreign literature, published between the years of 2009 and 2019. Data was gathered from the following databases: CINAHL, ScienceDirect, COBIB.SI and Medline/PubMed. 14 articles were included in this study. Results: In developed countries, which Slovenia is a part of, is the prevalence of sexually transmitted chlamydial infection between 3 and 14 %. Sexually transmitted chlamydial infection causes an inflammation in female reproductive system, which increases the risk of preterm delivery, spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. The nurse has to continuously educate herself on the subject of testing, so that she can make pregnant women and their partners aware of the importance of early screening and treatment. Discussion and conclusion: Early diagnosed and treated sexually transmitted chlamydial infection leaves no important affect on health of mother and child, therefore it is important to recognise risk factors and symptoms of infection. Nurses have the integral role in educating and making pregnant women aware about the sexually transmitted chlamydial infection. Studies are heterogenous and are appealing for further more detailed studies in this field