Measures to prevent development of malignant skin disorders

Uvod: v zadnjih dveh desetletjih je močno narastlo obolevanje za malignimi boleznimi kože. Eno izmed najpogostejših malignih obolenj kože je melanom. Incidenca melanoma vedno bolj narašča, tako na svetovni ravni kot tudi v Sloveniji, kjer je po pogostoti na šestem mestu izmed vseh rakov. Na razvoj melanoma vplivajo intrinzični in ekstrinzični dejavniki. Najpogostejši ekstrinzični dejavnik tveganja je UV sevanje, zato je zelo pomembno osveščanje ljudi o zaščitnih ukrepih pred njim. Namen: predstaviti želimo dejavnike tveganje, ki vplivajo na nastanek malignih kožnih obolenj ter vlogo medicinske sestre pri preventivi nastanka le teh. Metode dela: v diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo raziskovanja. Pregledali in preučili smo strokovno in znanstveno literaturo raziskovalnega področja v časovnem obdobju od leta 2009 do leta 2019. Vire smo iskali v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku, preko podatkovnih baz MedLine, CINAHL in Web of science s pomočjo iskalnikov Pubmed in EBSCOhost. Ključne besede so bile ultravijolično sevanje, koža, melanom, preventiva in fotoprotekcija. Rezultati: na podlagi pregledane literature smo ugotovili, da je melanom najpogostejša oblika malignega kožnega obolenja in da njegova incidenca narašča po celem svetu. Eden izmed najpogostejših dejavnikov tveganja je UV sevanje - tako naravno kot umetno, zato je zelo pomembno ozaveščanje ljudi o zaščitnih ukrepih pred UV sevanjem. Razprava in zaključek: najbolj varna zaščita pred UV sevanjem je izogibanje le temu. Ker pa to ni vedno mogoče, je pomembna uporaba zaščitnih sredstev, kot so zaščitna oblačila ter pokrivala in sončne kreme.Introduction: in the last two decades, malignant skin diseases morbidity has increased greatly. One of the most common malignant skin diseases is melanoma. Incidence of melanoma is rising at an increasing rate, both globally and in Slovenia, where it is the sixth most common cancer. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect the development of melanoma. The most common extrinsic risk factor is UV radiation, that is why raising people’s awareness on protective measures against it is very important. Purpose: we want to introduce risk factors that affect the occurrence of malignant skin diseases and the role of a nurse in preventing them. Methods: in the diploma thesis, we used a descriptive research method. We reviewed and studied professional and scientific literature of the research area in the period from 2009 to 2019. We were searching for sources in Slovene and English in MedLine, CINAHL and Web of Science databases using PubMed and EBSCOhost search engines. The keywords were ultraviolet radiation, skin, melanoma, prevention and photoprotection. Results: based on the reviewed literature, we determined that melanoma is the most common form of malignant skin disease and that its incidence is increasing worldwide. One of the most common risk factors is UV radiation – both natural and artificial, that is why raising people’s awareness on protective measures against UV radiation is very important. Discussion and conclusion: the best protection against UV radiation is avoiding it. However, since that is not always possible, it is important to use protection such as protective clothing and headwear and sunscreens