<Articles>An Aspect of Local Towns in the Sung (宋) Dynasty : development and history of chen (鎮) (Problems on Cities)

中国の大都市はその大部分が、古くからの州・県治の所在地であつて、どちらかと言えば本来は政治的色彩の方がより強いものであつた。五代をはさんで唐と宋の間には都市の上でも大変化が起つている。宋以後になると、これ迄の州・県城を中心とした政治都市以外に、地方農村の内部や、交通路に沿つて、かなり多くの鎮・市と呼ばれる、主として商業によつて盛んとなつた中・小都市が勃興するようになる。こうした中・小都市の性格を分析し、それを生み出した当時の社会との関係を考察する事は、此のような地方商業聚落の発展の様相が中国の特殊な近世社会の重要な一面を形成していたと考えられる丈に必須のことであろう。今ここでは特に "鎮" をとりあげて、鎮の宋代に至る迄の変遷とその内容の一面を素描し、将来、体系的に当代の都市と郷村の関係を究明する時の一助としておきたい。Most of the larger cities in China were seat of old Chou-chih (州治) and Hsien-chih (県治) and rather more of political character. In the period from the T'ang (唐) to Sung (宋) dynasty including Wu-tai (五代) a remarkable change took place in cities; after the Sung dynasty, besides old political cities constructed around the Chou and Hsien-Ch'êng (県城), a good many of smaller towns called Chên (鎮) or Shih (市) prospered by mainly commercial activities were growing along traffic routes or within villages. It is essential to analyse the character of these smaller cities and to study their relation to the then society which yield them, for the development of these local, commercial towns seems to be important in later Chinese society. This article presents an aspect of outlined history and contents of Chên (鎮) by the Sung dynasty, expecting to help our future systematic study of the relation between town and country