<Articles>Water Distribution and Rural Community in the Recevoir Irrigation Districts

讃岐丸亀平野の略々中央部、如意山麓に営まれた買田(かいだ)池は慶長17年に完成して満濃池の復活よりも稍々古く、与北(よぎた)・郡家(ぐんげ)・三条・木徳(きとく)・原田・金蔵寺(ごんぞうじ)・柞原(くはら)・の7ヶ村を配水区域とし満濃池水の潤す区域に含まれながら、又別個の用水を中心とする社会を形成している。 此の池掛りの配水上の特色は池の創始以来7ヶ村を区域とするとは云え与北一村の支配権が著しく強く、用水費用負担との関係から見れば他の6ヶ村は与北へ配水した余剰分を配水せられているかの感がある。勿論買田池以外の村々の池水も補助的な意義は大であるが買田池に比すれば著しく浅くて貯水量が少く、田植水に費消し尽されて其の後の貯水 (客水)(きゃくすい)には多大の費用を要する。満濃池の水を受け而も村々の池を利用し尽して而も尚極めて不利な条件を甘受しつつも買田池懸りを脱し得ない、与北以外の村々の立場は極めて微妙である。買田池への溜込水の水源は金倉・土器の両河川にあり、他地方に例稀な強力な引水権を有して居り、斯る引水権の存在、又成立の過程も特徴的な事柄である。The Recevoir of Kaida is situated in the central region of the Marugame Plain and under the Mt. Nyoi, Kagawa Prefecture. Its establishment falls in the Keicho era, a little earlier than the reconstruction of the Manno Recevoir. Among the districts of its water distribution the Kaida counts seven villages and gave rise to a peculiar rural community distinguished from that of the Manno. The seven claimed its water from the beginning but we see Yogita village control its greatest part to its own use. This is due to its financial support and the other villages seems to be given its surplus water. The other recevoirs may be helpful to these villages, but in comparison with the great quantity of water of the Kaida they are of no use to the needs in the rice-planting season. Compelled to these bad and unfortunate circumstances and yet unable to get rid of them these villages emerged as a peculiar community