Prevalencia de infarto agudo de miocardio en pacientes menores de 50 años y factores de riesgo asociados. Hospitales José Carrasco Arteaga y Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca. 2010-2016

Antecedentes: las enfermedades isquémicas del corazón son la primera causa de mortalidad en Ecuador (7,82% en el 2015). Dentro de estas, el infarto de miocardio es el mayor problema de salud, afectando a pacientes jóvenes, siendo un reto diagnóstico por su repercusión psicológica y socioeconómica. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de infarto agudo de miocardio en pacientes menores de 50 años y factores de riesgo asociados en los Hospitales José Carrasco Arteaga y Vicente Corral Moscoso de Cuenca, entre enero del 2010 y diciembre del 2016. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo de corte transversal, en un universo de 71 pacientes menores de 50 años con IAM, Hospitales José Carrasco Arteaga y Vicente Corral Moscoso; se estudió variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Los datos se obtuvieron de historias clínicas y se analizaron mediante SPSS. Resultados: se identificaron 71 casos, la tasa por millón de habitantes fue 2010 7,02; 2011 16,85; 2012 21,06; 2013 12,63; 2014 15,44; 2015 12,63 y 2016 14,04. La media de edad fue de 43,94; el 90,14% fueron hombres y el 4,23% presentó antecedentes familiares. La prevalencia de los factores de riesgo fue: tabaquismo 49,30%; alcohol 46,47%; hipertensión 43,66%; dislipidemia 32,39%; obesidad 25,35%; diabetes 15,49% y drogas 2,82%. El 87,3% presentó entre 1 a 4 factores acumulados. Mediante la escala de Framingham, se obtuvo riesgo cardiovascular bajo en el 61,97%, moderado en el 36,61% y alto en el 1,40%. Conclusión: el infarto en pacientes jóvenes ha aumentado anualmente y se asocia a factores prevenibles mediante promoción temprana de estilos de vida saludable.Background: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in Ecuador, reaching 7,82% in 2015 according to the MSP. Among these, acute myocardial infarction is the biggest health problem and the main cause of death. Currently affecting to young patients, which represents a challenge in the diagnostics due to its psychological, economic and social impact. Objective: to determine the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction in patients under of 50 years and associated risk factors in the Hospitals José Carrasco Arteaga and Vicente Corral Moscoso of Cuenca, between January 2010 and December 2016. Methodology: it has been made a retrospective-descriptive and cross-sectional study, in a universe of 71 patients under of 50 years with diagnostics of AMI, from Hospitals José Carrasco Arteaga and Vicente Corral Moscoso; it was studied sociodemographic and clinical variables. The data collection was based on the information obtained from the medical histories and analyzed using the SPSS statistical package, frequencies, percentages, measures of central tendency and dispersion, and chi square were calculated. Results: 71 cases of premature AMI were identified in the study, the presentation rate per million inhabitants was 2010 7,02; 2011 16,85; 2012 21,06; 2013 12,63; 2014 15,44; 2015 12,63 and 2016 14,04. The average age was 43.94; men being more affected in 90,14% of the cases; the prevalence of family history of cardiovascular disease was 4,23%. The prevalence of risk factors was: smoking 49.30%; alcohol consumption 47.88%; HTA 43.66%; dyslipidemia 32,39%; obesity 25.35%; diabetes 15.49 and drug use 2.82%. 87,3% of the cases presented between 1 to 4 accumulated risk factors. Finally, the probability of coronary disease was assessed using the Framingham scale, obtaining a low cardiovascular risk in 61.97%, moderate in 36.61% and high in 1.40%. Conclusions: AMI in young patients has been increasing annually, it is presented mostly in men and is associated with preventable risk factors by promoting healthy lifestyles from early age.MédicoCuenc