Cesárea y sus características en adolescentes, en el Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo. Azogues. 2015-2016.

ANTECEDENTES: La adolescencia es una etapa de grandes cambios biológicos, psicológicos y sociales. El embarazo adolescente constituye un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, sobre todo los países en vías de desarrollo como el nuestro y es causa de alta morbimortalidad materno fetal. OBJETIVO GENERAL: Identificar la frecuencia de cesárea y sus características, en adolescentes que acuden al Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo en el periodo 2015-2016. METODOLOGÍA: Para lograr el objetivo se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo y cuantitativo, el universo y muestra lo constituyen 278 historias clínicas de adolescentes a las que se les practicó cesárea en el área de gineco-obstetricia del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo en el periodo 2015 -2016. RESULTADOS:La edad media fue de 17.30 ± 1.49, predominando las adolescentes de 15 a 19 años con el 96.4%. La mayor frecuencia de cesárea en adolescentes fue del 28.1% de 19 años. El 51.4% fueron cesáreas electivas. Lo más frecuente es que se hayan realizado entre 1 a 8 controles prenatales (79.5%) y de 1 a 3 ecografías (60.8%). Los diagnósticos que prevalecieron fueron: desproporción céfalo pélvica con el 28.4%, seguido de varios diagnósticos que se categorizaron como otros, en los que se encuentran óbito fetal, oligoamnios, preclamsia, luxación congénita de cadera e inducción fallida con el 25.9% y por último las distocias con 21.6%. CONCLUSIONES: El ser primigesta y adolescente son factores de riesgo para la realización de cesárea.ANTECEDENT: Adolescence is a life stage of biological, psycological and social changes. Adolescent pregnancies constitute a public health problem all over the world, especially in countries in process of development as our own, causing a high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Establishing the caesarean frequency and its characteristics in adolescents that were attended at the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital for the period 2015-2016. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, retrospective and quantitative study was made by collecting data of 278 clinical histories of adolescents who were practiced caesarean section at the area of gynecology and obstetrics in HomeroCastanier Crespo Hospital during the period 2015 - 2016. The SPSS program was used for processing data through frequencies and percentages. Central measures were used for calculating (stocking) and dispersion tendency (standard deviation) for age, stature and weight. RESULTS: The average age was of 17.30 ± 1.49, predominating the ones from 15 to 19 years old in a 96.4%.The highest frecuency of caesarean sections in adolescents was 28.1% in 19 years old. A 42.4% of adolescents weren´t submitted to a caesarean section while 52.5% had a previous antecedent; 51.4% were selective caesarean sections. Prenatal controls (79.5%) from 1 to 8 were performed more frecuently; also 1 to 3 ultrasounds (60.8%). The prevalent diagnosis was cephalopelvic disproportion with 28.4%, followed by several diagnosis which were categorized as (stillbirth, oligoamnios, preeclamsia, congenital hip dislocation and failed induction) corresponding to a 25.9% and by last, dystocias with 21.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Being an adolescent and having a pregnancy for the first time are risk factors for performing caesarean section.MédicoCuenc