On the economics and politics of refugee migration

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of refugee migration, with emphasis on the current refugee crisis. After first reviewing the institutional framework laid out by the Geneva Convention for Refugees, we demonstrate that, despite numerous attempts at developing a common European asylum policy, EU countries continue to differ widely in interpretation and implementation. We then describe key features of the current refugee crisis and document the overall magnitudes and types of refugee movements, illegal border crossings and asylum applications to EU Member States. We next study the labour market integration of past refugee migrants to EU countries and draw conclusions for the current situation. Finally, we turn to the economics of refugee migrations, contrasting economic and refugee migrants, discussing the trade-offs between long-term asylum and temporary protection and highlighting the benefits of well-coordinated national asylum policies. We conclude with several policy recommendations.Luigi Minale gratefully acknowledges support from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain, Maria de Maeztu Grant) and Comunidad de Madrid (MadEco CM S2015/HUM 3444). Christian Dustmann acknowledges funding through the Norface WSF Programme and the DFG (DU1024/1 1) ERC Advanced Grant 323992 DMEA