Uncertainty in photovoltaic module energy rating

Energy rating of PV modules alongside Power rating can facilitate the module technology selection process. However, for module ratings to be comparable, they have to come with a stated uncertainty. This paper proposes a method for estimating this uncertainty, highlighting the importance of investigating and including the correlation between measurements in the overall uncertainty estimate. For the indoor measurement setup at CREST the difference in uncertainty estimate neglecting correlations and accounting for correlations is from 1.3% to 3% respectively (at k=2). Underestimating the uncertainty can lead to a suboptimal selection of PV module technology