Tomographic PIV in the near field of a swirl-stabilised fuel injector

The isothermal flow fields of injectors have undergone several computational and experimental investigations using point and planar measurement techniques,. Within the swirl induced vortex breakdown region it is only LES that has been able to predict fully the presence of a three dimensional helical vortex structure for a particular injector, and in certain conditions (no central fuel jet), a precessing vortex core. These structures can be elucidated from point and planar measurements and favorable comparisons of velocity statistics between experiment and LES predictions strengthen these findings. However, volumetric, 3-component measurement of velocity data has not been widely available to provide conclusive evidence of the exact three dimensional nature of the vortex structures that exist. An experimental setup utilizing time resolved tomographic PIV on a water flow rig is described in this paper. This is used to provide as high-quality aerodynamic study as possible of a single stream radially-fed air swirl gaseous fuel injector. The level of accuracy of the tomographic PIV technique is demonstrated by calculating the divergence of the velocity field as well as validating the results against a comprehensive 2 and 3 component standard PIV velocity database and other measurement techniques and predictions. Structure identification methods have been employed to visualise and understand the complex flow topology within the near field of the injector. The change in topology with and without the stabilising central jet is further investigated and agrees with findings of planar PIV results. While the velocity error associated with the tomo-PIV results is higher than the planar results the data agree well within the identified uncertainty bounds and are complimentary in understanding the flow field structure. Thus a full volumetric aerodynamic survey is available for the first time on this isothermal flow case