The Institutionalization of a Gender Biased Sport Value System

To develop tougher males while controlling wild ones, some school administratorsexperimented with an innovative plan. They co-opted the rough-and-tumble games boysplayed during recess and in their free time, and made these part of the official curriculum.(Sadker & Sadker, 1994, pp. 214-215)Sport has been a part of the "...official school program..." since the mid-1800s, and was originallyincorporated into the curriculum to serve as "...an important line of defense..." against the potentialfeminization of American males by a growing female teaching profession (Sadker & Sadker, 1994, p.213). As a part of the curriculum, sport provided opportunities for physical fitness and competition, aswell as a medium through which valued socio-cultural life skills could be learned and practiced.Grounded in ideals of masculinity, sport, more than any other part of the educational curriculum has been,and continues to be, a gender issue.This paper will explore how school sport has served to institutionalize a gender specific and gender biasedsport value system. First the socio-cultural context in which school sport emerged, and its history andevolution will be reviewed. Next the differential impact which school sport has on females and males willbe examined. The paper concludes that the development of school sport has, over time, marginalized anddevalued women's sport, and the women who participate. It is suggested that because of this, sportparticipation by women and girls has actually been suppressed