A Study of Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The metabolic syndrome also called as syndrome X is a collection of metabolic abnormalities that confer a person with it to high danger of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Aim of this study is to find the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young patients with acute myocardial infarction and to find the prevalence of individual components of metabolic syndrome in the study population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is conducted on patients admitted with a diagnosis of AMI to the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai during the period of February 2016 to July 2016. All patients admitted with a diagnosis of AMI to the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of Government Rajaji Hospital with Age < 45 years are included in the study. Acute myocardial infarction is defined as at least two of the following: prolonged chest discomfort, typical electrocardiographic changes, or elevated cardiac troponin levels, as outlined by the Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee. Patients with rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, severe anemia/ chronic kidney and liver disease, cocaine abuse, lack of definitive mi criteria and age > 45 years are excluded from the study. Detailed demographic data and clinical examination is done. Blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and fasting lipid profile is done in all patients. Patients were classified as having metabolic syndrome according to the international diabetes federation (IDF) criteria. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: A total of about sixty two patients were studied, of which 35 (56%) of the patients fulfilled the criteria for metabolic syndrome. Remaining patients with age 80 for female and > 90 for males is the mandatory criteria to diagnose metabolic syndrome according to IDF criteria. In our study 42 patients had increased waist circumference of which 35 patients satisfied the remaining criteria for metabolic syndrome. Of the 27 patients without MS, 7 patients (26%) had increased waist circumference. Elevated blood pressure is present in about 71% (n=25) of the patients with metabolic syndrome and 40% (n=11) of patients without metabolic syndrome. Elevated fasting blood sugar >100mg/dl is present in about 88% of patients with metabolic syndrome and 28% of patients without metabolic syndrome. Increased levels of fasting triglyceride is seen in about 77 % (n=27) of patients with metabolic syndrome and 70% (n=19) of the patients without metabolic syndrome. Decreased HDL in seen in about 66% (n=23) of patients with metabolic syndrome and 55% (n=15) of the patients without metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in young patients with acute myocardial infarction. Each component of metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Increasing prevalence of myocardial infarction in young individuals is mainly due to increased in prevalence of metabolic syndrome