The REQUIEM Survey. I. A Search for Extended Lyα Nebular Emission Around 31 z > 5.7 Quasars

The discovery of quasars a few hundred megayears after the Big Bang represents a major challenge to our understanding of black holes as well as galaxy formation and evolution. Quasars' luminosity is produced by extreme gas accretion onto black holes, which have already reached masses of M-BH > 10(9) M-circle dot by z similar to 6. Simultaneously, their host galaxies form hundreds of stars per year, using up gas in the process. To understand which environments are able to sustain the rapid formation of these extreme sources, we started a Very Large Telescope/Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) effort aimed at characterizing the surroundings of a sample of 5.7 < z < 6.6 quasars, which we have dubbed the Reionization Epoch QUasar InvEstigation with MUSE (REQUIEM) survey. We here present results of our searches for extended Ly alpha halos around the first 31 targets observed as part of this program. Reaching 5 sigma surface brightness limits of 0.1-1.1 x 10(-17) erg s(-1) cm(-2) arcsec(-2) over a 1 arcsec(2) aperture, we were able to unveil the presence of 12 Ly alpha nebulae, eight of which are newly discovered. The detected nebulae show a variety of emission properties and morphologies with luminosities ranging from 8 x 10(42) to 2 x 10(44) erg s(-1), FWHMs between 300 and 1700 km s(-1), sizes