Ethnic and Religious Conflicts in France

International audienceThis chapter presents a detailed analysis of current and historical interethnic relations in France. Kamiejski, De Oliveira, and Guimond apply several theories in exploration of the variables related to the development of the existent ethnic tensions in this region. Policy models are also evaluated and considered as means of engendering harmony in the future. Discussion of the most recent and largest immigrant group to France, the Maghrebians, reveals several factors associated with increasing tensions including the large degree of assumed difference in values, religion, and culture. The authors recognize that France has set the stage for positive interethnic relations with its policy of a neutral state and equality of all citizens. However, evidence contrary to this policy is noted in recent political and media activities which, as the authors demonstrate through research, serve to reinforce differences and exacerbate ethnic tensions. Emphasis is placed on several theories that explain attitudes toward immigrants and these are applied to the development of current ethnic tensions in France. Kamiejski, De Oliveira, and Guimond present five factors that they believe, and research has concluded, to be applicable: Threat, relative deprivation and gratification, SDO, national identity, and acculturation orientation. The Social Identity Model of Collective Action is applied to the recent riots in France that the authors attribute to social activism. Kamiejski, De Oliveira, and Guimond conclude by offering suggestions to improve interethnic relations, such as the use of the contact hypothesis to reduce prejudice. Analysis of various forms of policy and the associated implications on interethnic relations is presented and a solution specific to the situation in France is offered