Understanding the biogeochemical response of tropical rivers to climate and socio-economic changes is a key scientific challenge. In such context, however, the hydrological functioning and transfer of carbon along tropical rivers – and the potential control of the tropical atmospheric circulation features – remain poorly documented and understood. To address this challenge, water, soil, sediment and suspended matter samples were collected in March and in October-November 2016 over three rivers basins from East Africa, located along a latitudinal transect across the Intertropical Convergence Zone and analysed for their chemical, isotopic and carbon compositions. Depending on internal characteristics of each basin, the three rivers have their...