L’ ANALYSE D’IMAGES : UN OUTIL DE CARTOGRAPHIE DE L’ETAT DE SURFACE DU SOL, DU SOL ET DU SOUS-SOL EN CONTEXTE VITICOLE(BOURGOGNE, FRANCE)

International audienceIn Burgundy, vineyards present a high diversity of Terroirs, controlled by complex interactions between natural and human factors. The relationship between these factors leads to define wine typicity. However, a better understanding of how Terroirs have been defined is necessary for the sustainable, rational management of vineyard soils.The objectives of the study are (i) to identify Terroirs variability in vineyards of Burgundy (France) at hillslope scale and (ii) to highlight natural (soil, substratum) and anthropogenic factors (management practices) controlling Terroir diversity.To study Terroir at a fine scale, we developed a method based on a very high spatial resolution (VHSR) image analysis into visible domain to map vineyard topsoil in Burgundy. The acquisition of images at centimetre resolution with an unmanned helicopter (DRELIO) allows the topsoil surface to be identified and mapped. Soil surface analyses allow characterising topsoil surface identified by imagery and auger holes analyses are used to create soil mapping. Moreover this method could be used to identify different soil management practices used on the hill. This new approach, where both soils and soil management practices are mapped by imagery, could be used to enrich Terroir knowledge.In hillslope context, the distribution of geological substratum can help to explain the diversity of vineyard soils. The different geological formations constituted by marly-limestone alternations lead to create soil diversity. To determined geology of the hill, we have acquired 2D profiles based on electrical resistivity tomography investigation (ERT). Results highlight a good correlation between soil classes and geological substratum on vineyard hillslope. This natural control of soil diversity is coupled with anthropogenic factors. For homogenous substratum, some plots present different types of soil, which could be explained by soil management practices, leading to a differentiation of soil types