Dense colloidal suspensions (or pastes) constitute a broad class of materials found in areas ranging from environmental systems (e.g. silts, clays), to industry (ceramics, drilling muds, slurries), construction (plaster, cements), foodstuff, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals (toothpaste, medical ceramics). Their most remarkable feature is thixotropy: a slow evolution of their mechanical properties when switching from rest to flow (at fixed density, in the absence of drainage). Thus, their viscosity under flow, or their shear modulus and yield stress at rest, depend both on time and strain history. Thixotropy enables these systems to switch reversibly between solid- and liquid-like states with sharply contrasted properties. At rest, it is usually a...