Interview no. 1156

Ms. Menchaca describes growing up in a small town; in 1942, the year she was born, her father, Antonio Ortega Estrada, went to Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, to enlist in the bracero program; as a bracero, he labored in Arizona, California, and Texas on the railroads and in the fields picking carrots, cotton, grapes, lettuce, and tomatoes; although María was too young to remember her father being in the program, he frequently spoke of his experiences; Antonio endured being stripped and fumigated out of necessity; oftentimes, he worked from sun up to sun down, which was especially difficult; he slept on a bunk bed in a huge bodega with many other men and was taken to work by bus; although he regularly sent money home, he seldom wrote letters, because he did not write very well; in addition, he also spoke about how he was treated poorly, immigration checks, provisions, and recreational activities, including movies and church services; María also remembers taking a train and going into town with her mother and uncle to cash the checks her father would send; she mentions that there were primarily women and children in town and the surrounding areas, because so many men had joined the program; moreover, the men that did stay assaulted or took advantage of the women; although Antonio was able to save money as a bracero, he suffered greatly