School leadership preparation in Tanzania

There is consensus that educational leadership has a significant impact on learning outcomes in schools (Bush and Glover, 2014; Leithwood and Jantzi, 2008) . This understanding is evident in Tanzania’s long-term vision for education (Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, 2004; United Republic of Tanzania, 1999) . Leadership preparation programmes offered by public and private colleges and universities aim to improve the quality of educational leadership in Tanzania, with the major providers being the University of Dar es Salaam, the Agency for the Development of Educational Management (ADEM) , the Dar es Salaam University College of Education and the Aga Khan University Institute for Educational Development, East Africa. Leadership preparation programmes in Tanzania range from academic degrees to diplomas to certificates and short courses. The training opportunities notwithstanding, most education leaders in Tanzania assume office without requisite leadership