Acute toxicity and biodegradability of N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium and N-alkyl-DABCO based ionic liquids

8N-Alkyl-N-methylmorpholiniumand N-alkyl substituted1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane(DABCO)based ionic liquids(ILs), N-alkyl-DABCO,bearingshortalkylchainsarecharacterisedbyalowtoxicityto Vibrio fischeri, althoughtoxicitysignificantlyincreasesonincreasingthealkylchainlength.Alkylchainlength affects alsobiodegradabilityinthe28daystests;thehigherlevelofbiodegradationwasfoundinboththe series inthecaseoftheethyl(C2)derivatives.Inthecaseof N-ethyl DABCObasedIL,although biodegradabilityisstillaround40%,andconsequentlythisILcannotbeclassifiedas‘‘readilybiodegrad- able’’,thisvalueissimilartothemorebiodegradablefunctionalizedimidazoliumbasedILs.nonemixedPRETTI C; RENZI M; FOCARDI S.E; GIOVANI A; MONNI G; MELAI B; RAMAYANI S; CHIAPPE CPretti, C; Renzi, M; FOCARDI S., E; Giovani, A; Monni, G; Melai, B; Ramayani, S; Chiappe,