Immigrant Issues and Cities : Lessons from Malmö and Toronto

National debates surrounding immigration, tolerance and integration are hallmarks of the early 21st century. However, immigrants no longer move to countries but concentrate in cities where the immediate benefits and challenges of immigration arise. What happens to a city when immigrants become the numerical majority in one or two generations? How do cities convert this revolutionary change from a potential liability to an asset? In short, what immigration and integration policies at the city level can turn immigrant-receiving cities into successful and celebrated world metropolises? These questions are addressed in light of the experiences of Malmö and Toronto