Multiskalare Modellierung integrierter Energie- und Elektrizitätssysteme

The transformation of the European energy system involves profound changes in almost all parts of the system. The goal of a secure, competitive and sustainable energy system as well as massively reduced greenhouse gas emissions should be achieved, above all, by expanding renewable energy and increasing energy efficiency. The increasing share of fluctuating renewable energies in electricity generation leads to increased volatility as well as a greatly altered distribution of the power that is fed into the grid. This increases the requirements on the flexibility of the system and the transport capacity of the transmission grid. Additional potential uses for electricity in various energy sectors, such as the transport and heating sector, as well as cross-sectoral flexibility options such as power-to-gas, are also leading to increasing sectoral interdependencies. For energy and electricity system modelling, the resulting challenge is to adequately capture these developments in the various system areas. In order to do this, the influences and effects that occur at different levels of e.g. temporal, spatial, technological and economic scales need to be considered simultaneously. In this thesis, a model package for the multiscale analysis of the integrated energy and electricity system is developed, in which the established energy system model IKARUS-LP is combined with newly developed models for the temporal and spatial disaggregation of the residual load, in addition to a newly developed electricity market model for Europe and a newly developed transmission grid model for Germany. The electricity market model is a mixed-integer linear optimization model that determines the use of individual power plants, storage facilities and flexibility options on an hourly basis, taking into account the technical restrictions of the system and the units. The transmission network model is based on real grid data and allows the calculation of AC and DC load flows, with an additional optimization of the operation of the HVDC lines on the basis of genetic algorithms. The exemplary investigations of this work show that the detailed consideration of the European electricity system in the model package enables significantly more precise statements to be made regarding power generation as well as imports and exports compared to the stand-alone energy system model IKARUS-LP. The results have far-reaching effects on the calculation results of the feedback energy system model, e.g. increased system costs. The detailed load flow calculations show that the grid expansion derived in the grid development plan of the transmission system operators is absolutely necessary in order to be able to integrate the targeted high wind energy capacities into the system. In addition to the already identified need for reinforcement on north-south routes, the calculations indicate that additional expansion needs exist on feeder lines to the HVDC stations on east-west routes in northern Germany