Desain model penguatan peran serta swasta dalam pengembangan zona ketahanan energi berbasis sumber daya alam terbarukan

Indonesia is the largest energy user in ASEAN region, Contributing 38% of the total final energy consumption (TFEC) in 2013 (ACE 2015). Fossils are one of the biggest fuels used today for energy users. Over time, fossil energy reserves are depleting. In addition to the threat of depletion of fossil energy reserves, environmental impacts both locally and globally are increasingly visible. Over time, fossil energy reserves are depleting. Besides the threat of depletion of fossil energy reserves, this also has an impact on the environment locally and globally increasingly visible. One of the Indicator that global environmental damage is CO2 Contamination. The air pollution index which is monitored according to the disposal of CO2 to nature continues to increase. This must be the government's concern in realizing the development of sustainable renewable energy that is affordable and acceptable to the community. The biggest energy potential is wind energy and solar energy, but its utilization is not optimal, still below 0.05 percent. This research was conducted on Sumba Island with a focus of research in the East Sumba Zone. The reason for choosing Sumba as a research location is because the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) has made Sumba Island an icon of the renewable energy island in Indonesia. Based on the results of a study conducted by Hivos/Winrock International, Sumba Island was chosen with the following considerations: (1) Sumba Island has low access to modern energy, (2) Sumba Island dependence on 85 percent of diesel power plants are shipped from other regions so that they require expensive transportation costs and (3) Sumba Island is rich in potential renewable energy such as water, bio-energy, wind and solar. Based on the description and background mentioned above, this study aims to (1) Analyze the condition of energy security in East Sumba which will serve as a model for designing renewable natural resource-based energy security zones, (2) Analyzing the potential of natural resource-based energy the most prospective renewable to be developed along with the feasibility of its business, (3) outlining and analyzing problems - problems that inhibit the role of the private sector in developing renewable natural resources energy in the East Sumba zone and (4) Designing and recommending business model to strengthen private participation in the development of renewable natural resources energy security zones in regions that are in synergy with government, society, financial institutions and academics/ researchers. The research approach used by hard systems, namely multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) based on expert justification or key person who is intentionally determined (understanding the conditions and potential of resource-based renewable energy in East Sumba). The respondents of experts/practitioners in this study were 50 people representing government agencies, entrepreneurs, academics, communities and financial institutions at the central level (20 people) and regions (30 people). This study uses Eckenrode method with energy security criteria, and MCDM hard system approach using the Technique for Order Preference Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method, business feasibility analysis Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). This research produces an East Sumba sustainable energy security index, the selection of the most prospective renewable natural resource-based energy to be developed in East Sumba including its business feasibility, problems that hamper the role of the private sector, alternative strategies and business models and policies in the development of energy security zones in East Sumba. Natural resource-based energy security in East Sumba is still relatively low. The Availability aspect has the highest value, while the Accessibility aspect has the lowest value. This is because energy can only be felt by people who have access close to the highway, while East Sumba has a hilly and grassland topography and decentralized community settlements The potential of sustainable natural resource based energy in East Sumba with 26 energy security indicator criteria shows that solar energy has the highest and potential prospects compared to other energy and is feasible to be developed from the business side. Solar power plants to be developed is solar power plans on grid with a capacity of 15 kWp for 100 KK without a battery. Based on a business feasibility analysis, the development of solar power plants for energy security zones in East Sumbat was declared very feasible. The problem that hinder the role of the private sector in the development of renewable natural resource based energy on the island of Sumba, especially in the East Sumba zone are partnerships, collaborative governance, and business feasibility. ISM results state that the key factor of the main obstacle element is the absence of a mutually beneficial cooperation model. The design of business models that can be done in an efforts to strengthen the participation of the private sector in the development of energy security zones in East Sumba are: (1) building community-based professional and sustainable energy management business models (2) optimizing and revitalizing the facilities and infrastructure of new renewable energy programs, with the main factor being the support of government policies and the main actors that determine are the central/regional government, then followed by energy practitioners (BUMN/ Private). The main implicit objective is to improve the economy and prosperity of the community through the Collaborative Governance program