The Cernik Castle – Continuity and Change in the Pre-Ottoman Heritage during the Baroque Era

U radu se analizira povijest građevnih mijena dvorca Cernik od prvotne izgradnje u 16. stoljeću, osmanske okupacije, pa sve do obnova 18. stoljeća kada je dvorac poprimio današnji izgled. Utvrđuje se kontinuitet čitavog tog razdoblja korištenjem najranijih građevnih struktura sa zadržavanjem osnovnog koncepta četverokrilnog tlocrta s četiri ugaone kule. Zbog konstantnih nemira na granici, izgradnje vojnih tvrđava u Slavoniji u 18. stoljeću, ali ujedno i memorije na »herojska« ratna vremena, zadržava se predturski koncept osnovnog perimetra, ali se dodaje barokna osovina sa dvoranom u središnjoj osi, svodovi u obliku čeških kapa te plošna žbukana raščlamba pilastrima i trakama kao izrazitim obilježjima baroknog stila. Dio obnoviteljskih radova poduzimaju general Maksimilijan Petraš i njegova supruga, a dio novodoseljena obitelj Marković od 1752. s kojom nastupa dugo i mirno razdoblje dvorca kao sjedišta vlastelinstva. Na primjeru Cernika jasno se uočava novi polet izgradnje u 18. stoljeću kada se starije obrambene strukture oplemenjuju konstruktivnim i stilskim preinakama svojstvenima baroknom razdoblju.The aim of the paper is to analyse the history of the Cernik castle starting from its construction in the 16th century until the 18th-century renovations, when it gained its present appearance. The castle was built for the Dežević (Dessewffy) family in the first half of the 16th century as a four-winged structure with cylindrical corner towers surrounded by a moat. In 1536, it fell into Ottoman hands and remained under occupation until 1688. When the Austrian army liberated Slavonia, Cernik became the property of the Imperial Chamber, which turned it into the seat of a manorial estate. In 1707, it was granted to Baron Maximilian von Petrasch, commander of the Brod and Osijek fortresses in the service of Prince Eugene of Savoy. Petrasch restored the damaged castle around 1720, keeping most of the old structures. His family continued to own the castle until 1756, when his son Josip sold it to the Marković family from Sombor. They undertook a large-scale renewal in 1756 and then again in 1781, giving it a baroque outlook. In the 18th-century renovations, the building kept its pre-Turkish four-sided elevation with corner towers, but a stretch of hallways with arches was added in the inner courtyard, a typically baroque hall in the main axe, a sail vaulting, as well as a system of flat plastered pilasters and strips on the façades. The retaining of the towers and the generally defensive character of the castle can be explained by the owners’ desire to keep its military appearance due to a possible upheaval on the Turkish border near the Sava river, for which a series of fortresses were built in Slavonia in the first half of the 18th century, but also as a memory of the heroic war times, which was characteristic of the peaceful period in the second half of the century. On this occasion, the rooms were turned into salons with large windows and decorative interiors. The Cernik castle exemplifies a construction boost that spread across Slavonia in the 18th century, when the old pre-Ottoman buildings were upgraded with constructional and stylistic elements typical of the baroque era