The Effects Of Moringa Oleifera Leave Extract On Cytotoxicity And Apoptosis Pathway In Breast Cancer Cell (MCF-7)

Moringa oleifera (MO) is belonging to Moringaceae family. In Malaysia, MO was known as „Munggai‟ or „Kelor‟ tree. MO is well known for its therapeutic properties that possesses a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant and anticancer properties. The impact of different solvents of various degree of polarities on the cytotoxicity of breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), were studied. The cytotoxicity effect of 80 % methanol and its solvent fractions of Moringa oleifera leave (MOL) extract against MCF-7 cell were determined by using MTS assay. The normal breast cell line (MCF-10A) was used to compare with MCF-7 cell. The effective extract that gave the most cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cell had been chosen. Among of all extracts, dichloromethane extract (DF-CME-MOL) had been selected accordingly to its lowest IC50 (5 μg/mL) and highest selectivity index (SI) (9.5). Then, the chosen extract (DF-CME-MOL) was proceed for further analysis. The phytochemical analysis was performed using DPPH, ABTS, Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminium chloride and GC-MS analysis. An antioxidant contents in DF-CME-MOL for DPPH and ABTS assay were 10.52±0.009 mg/g TEAC and 4.32±0.021 mg/g TEAC, respectively. While, total phenolic and flavonoid content were 34.96±0.006 mg/g GAE and 15.72±0.050 mg/g QUE, respectively. After that, compound analysis by GC-MS detected some potential compounds in DF-CME-MOL named; Phenol, 4-(methoxymethyl)-, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Phenol, 2-propyl, Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-, (Z)-, 4-((1E)-3-Hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol, Hexadecanoid acid, methyl ester, Phenol, 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl) methyl], Phenol, 4, 4‟-methylenebis-, Phenol, 2-ethyl-, Benzeneethanol, 4-hydroxy-, Benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-, Benzeneacetonitrile, 4-hydroxy- and Benzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxy-. Then, apoptosis analysis was carried out by using Annexin V-FITC through flow cytometry FACS and further confirm by Western blot in detected the signalling of apoptosis pathway using selected proteins such as p53, Bax, Cytochrome c and Caspase 8. The DF-CME-MOL greatly induced early apoptosis through extrinsic pathway in MCF-7 cells. Thus, MOL has a potential to be developed into anticancer agent on breast cancer