Visualisation of latent fingerprints on non-porous object immersed in stagnant tap water using safranin-tinted Candida rugosa lipase reagent

Waterways have been frequently used for disposing evidence by perpetrators, especially during homicide, rendering difficulties for forensic fingerprint investigators since water may destruct the amino acid components of fingerprints. Although the use of small particle reagent for visualising the lipid components of a fingerprint has been suggested, its use must be reduced due to its toxicity on human as well as environment. Therefore, this present research has developed a new environmentally-friendly safranin-tinted Candida rugosa lipase reagent (i.e. Lipase-Glutaraldehyde-Safranin, Lip-GA-Saf) for visualising latent fingerprints on non-porous surface (aluminium foils) immersed for up to 4 weeks in stagnant tap water. Results revealed that the quality of latent fingerprints (Fingermark Quality Scale) developed using Lip-GA-SAF was statistically better in all the four different durations of immersion than that of using SPR (p