Phytoremoval and Phytotoxicity of Typha Angustifolia L. Exposed to Norethindrone under Hydroponic culture

This study was conducted to assess the potential of Typha angustifo/ia L. to tolerate and remove norethindrone. The research objectives were (i) to investigate the phytoremoval efficiency of T. angustifo/ia when exposed to norethindrone; and (ii) to access the phytotoxicity of norethindrone by T. angustifolia through phytoremediation. Typha angustifoliawere collected and acclimatised under hydroponic culture. Young seedlings were harvest and transferred to O - 2.0 mg/L of norethindrone for a maximum period of 28 days. Norethindrone in water was analysed using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with the solidification of floating organic (DLLME-SFO) and followed with the chromatography analysis by HPLC-UV/Vis. Meanwhile, the plant samples were separated into three parts (root, stem and leaves), air-dried in room temperature and then followed with sea sand matrix disrupting extraction (SSDM), cleaned up with preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and finally analysed by HPLC-UV/Vis. calculations like BCF, Tl, TF, and RGR were applied, followed with statistical analysis with ANOVA and correlation test. An evaluation showed that norethindrone removal efficiency by plants reached a value of 90% from the initial contents at 28 days