تأثير الدبلوماسية الأمريكية على التطبيق الأسيروس للتسوية مع الفلسطينيين 1993-2000 81/5000 tathir aldiblumasiat al'amrikiat ealaa altatbiq al'asyurus liltaswiat mae alfilastiniiyn 1993-2000 The Impact of American Diplomacy on the Application of the Euros for Settlement with the Palestinians 1993-2000

The thesis discusses the role of the United States as a fair and honest broker for the Middle East peace process. It analyzes American influence on Israeli policies regarding the settlement with the Palestinians and the implementation of the commitments acknowledged by the Oslo Accords signed during the period 1993-2000 - the term of office of Bill Clinton as president for two consecutive tenures. The study highlights the factors which played the main role in granting or restricting the capabilities of U.S. teams on influencing Israeli policies and practices towards the peace process. It traces the American –Israeli relations as they developed between both countries reaching a strategic coalition and special relationship distinguished by self–interest mutuality. Such relationship gave each of the two states the potentiality of influencing and be influenced by the other. Israel had the potentiality of influencing the American role as a sponsor and mediator of the peace process. The Zionist lobby with its ability to practice pressure on the Clinton administration presented Israel with the essential political , economic and military support it needed to improve its leverage. The final conclusions of the research. U. S. commitment was not accompanied with credibility and neutrality of the mediators. The American Administration failed to be the honest broker between the two negotiating teams aligning itself with the Israeli position. Its attitudes reflected a feature of the American diplomacy throughout the last decades, reflecting the mutual interests of both countries whose relationships were characterized with mutuality and self – interest . The American alignment to Israel during the various stages of the peace process strengthened the Israeli negotiating position and at the same time weakening the Palestinian negotiating position, and thus creating more asymmetry between both sides. The result was serious damages caused to the Palestinian rights due to the adoption of the bilateral negotiation track with American sponsorship, and moving away from the umbrella of the international legality with its institutions and organizations which supported the Palestinian cause and rights as expressed by many U. N. resolution