Antiproliferative activity of nootkatone on two cancer cell lines : bachelor thesis

Rak, neoplazma ili novotvorina općeniti je pojam za mnoge bolesti kod kojih se abnormalne stanice dijele bez kontrole te su u stanju napasti zdravo tkivo. U stanicama raka proliferacija i diferencijacija nisu regulirane. Stanice nekontrolirano rastu i dijele se, šire se naposljetku po čitavom tijelu te ometaju funkciju normalnih tkiva i organa. Tumor je izraz za svaku nenormalnu proliferaciju stanica u tijelu koja može biti dobroćudna (benigna) ili zloćudna (maligna). Benigni tumori se obično mogu ukloniti i ne šire se na druge dijelove tijela. Maligni tumori rastu agresivno i napadaju druga tkiva u tijelu, ulaze u krvotok ili limfni sustav (metastaze), a zatim na drugim mjestima u tijelu stvaraju nove tumore. Pojam rak ili karcinom odnosi se samo na zloćudne tumore koji nastaju djelovanjem različitih uzročnika. Rak pluća je bolest u kojoj se stanice raka (maligne) nalaze u tkivima pluća. Predstavlja najčešći oblik raka u muškaraca i treći je po učestalosti rak u žena. Gotovo 70% ljudi s dijagnozom raka pluća su stariji od 65 godina, a manje od 3% se javlja u osoba mlađih od 45 godina. Vodeći je uzrok smrti od raka u svijetu. Rak mokraćnog mjehura najčešća je maligna bolest mokraćnog sustava. Najčešće se javlja u dobi između 65 i 70 godina, trostruko češće kod muškaraca n ego kod žena. Benigni tumor mjehura je rijedak, gotovo 95% svih tumora mokraćnog mjehura su zloćudni tumori, tj. rak mokraćnog mjehura. Seskviterpeni su klasa terpena koja se sastoji od tri izoprenske jedinice, molekulske formule C 15 H 24 . Odabrani biciklički seskviterpen nootkaton je kristalna kruta tvar, ali može biti i bezbojna do žuta tekućina. Ima miris i okus poput grejpa. Identificiran je kao bioaktivni spoj sa širokim rasponom korisnih primjena.Njegovo antiproliferativno djelovanje na dvije stanične linije raka ispitano je MTT (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromid)-testom.Cancer or neoplasm is a general term for many diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and they are able to attack a healthy tissue. In cancer cells, proliferation and differentiation are not regulated. The cells uncontrollably grow, divide, eventually spread through the whole body and interfere with the function of normal tissues and organs. Tumor is an expression for any abnormal cell proliferation in the body that can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors can usually be removed and they do not spread to the other parts of the body. Malignant tumors grow aggressively, attack other tissues, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system (metastases) and then create a new tumors. The term cancer or carcinoma refers only to malignant tumors which arise from various causes. Lung cancer is a disease in which cancer cells (malignant) are found in lung tissues. It represents the most common type of cancer in men and is the third in women. Over 70% people with diagnose of lung cancer are older than 65 years and less than 3% occurs in persons younger than 45 years. It is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Bladder cancer is the most common malignant disease of the urinary tract. It occurs between age of 65 and 70, three times more often in men than women. Benign bladder tumor is rare, almost 95% of all bladder tumors are malignant. Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes consisting of three isoprene units with molecular formula C 15 H 24 . Selected bicyclic sesquiterpene nootkatone is a crystalline solid but it can also be a colorless to yellow liquid. It has an odor and taste like grapefruit. Nootkatone is identified as bioactive compound with wide range of useful applications. It's antiproliferative activity on two cancer cell lines is tested by the MTT (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)-assay