Modern and alternative forms of money as factors of international trade

Međunarodna trgovina čini izvoz proizvoda ili usluga u druge zemlje, kao i uvoz proizvoda i usluga iz drugih zemalja, a mjesto odvijanja međunarodne razmjene naziva se međunarodnim tržištem. Teorije poput merkantilizma uključuju državnu politiku u vanjsku trgovinu dok Smith i Ricardo zagovaraju slobodu trgovine i nesputanost od strane države. Novije teorije poput Porterove opravdavaju intervenciju države. Razvoj međunarodne trgovine povezan je s procesom globalizacije koja dovodi do nastanka globalnog tržišta i globalnih proizvoda, što rezultira jačanjem međupovezanih nacionalnih gospodarstava, te njihovih regija i gradova. Poslovni svijet mijenjao se zajedno s razvojem informacijskih i komunikacijskih tehnologija, te je njihov razvoj promijenio prirodu poslovanja. Pojam novca prvi put se pojavio na prijelazu od prvobitne zajednice ka robovlasničkom društvu. Moderni period monetarnih sustava okarakteriziran je s dobro uspostavljenim i objedinjenim nacionalnim monetarnim sustavima koji se suočavaju s izazovima u smislu monetarnog suvereniteta. Osporavanje monetarnog sustava poprima oblik lokalnih valuta. Namjena modernih i alternativnih oblika novca nije zamjena postojeće nacionalne valute, nego služe kao komplement, odnosno nadomjestak socijalnim, kulturnim ili ekološkim područjima koji ne funkcioniraju najbolje. Razvoj elektroničkog novca dovodi do stvaranja novih alternativnih valuta – kriptovaluta koje su digitalni prikaz vrijednosti i mogu se smatrati specifičnom vrstom imovine. Kako bi se istražila svjesnost postojanja modernih i alternativnih oblika novca provedeno je primarno istraživanje koje je obuhvatilo ukupno 217 ispitanika. Cilj je bio saznati koliko su budući ekonomisti upoznati s alternativnim valutama. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako su alternativne valute već prisutne te prepoznate od strane mlađe populacije, a te brojke će s vremenom vjerojatno rasti.International trade involves the export of products or services to other countries, as well as the import of products and services from other countries, and the place where international exchange takes place is called the international market. Theories such as mercantilism include state politics in foreign trade while Smith and Ricardo advocate free trade and non-adherence by the state. Newer theories like Porter's justify state intervention. The development of international trade is linked to the process of globalization leading to the emergence of a global market and global products, which results in the strengthening of interconnected national economies, as well as their regions and cities. The business world has changed along with the development of information and communication technologies, and their development has changed the nature of business. The notion of money first appeared at the transition from the original community to the slave society. The modern era of monetary systems is characterized by well-established and unified national monetary systems that face challenges in terms of monetary sovereignty. Challenging the monetary system takes the form of local currencies. The purpose of modern and alternative forms of money is not to replace the existing national currency, but rather to serve as a complement to, or a substitute for, social, cultural or environmental areas that do not function well. The development of electronic money is leading to the creation of new alternative currencies - cryptocurrencies, which are a digital representation of value and can be considered a specific type of asset. In order to investigate the awareness of the existence of modern and alternative forms of money, a primary survey was conducted that included a total of 217 respondents. The goal was to find out how much future economists are familiar with alternative currencies. Survey results show that alternative currencies are already present and recognized by the younger population, and these figures will probably grow over time