The Toxicity of Drugs for Animals : Addictive Agens

Ilegalni lijekovi ili zloporabne droge su vrlo čest uzrok otrovanja kućnih ljubimaca od kojih su psi najprijemljiviji. Otrovanje nastaje zbog slučajne ingestije, krivog doziranja, ali i zlonamjernih trovanja. Ingestija zloporabnih droga predstavlja dijagnostički, često i etički izazov veterinarima kliničarima, a vlasnici vrlo često nisu uopće svjesni čemu je životinja bila izložena. U ovom radu opisani su najčešći depresori središnjeg živčanog sustava (marihuana, barbiturati, opioidi, ”klupske” droge - flunitrazepam i GHB), stimulansi (kokain, amfetamini i MDMA) te halucinogeni i disocijativni lijekovi (LSD, LSA, feniciklidin i ketamin) u kontekstu veterinarske toksikologije - izvori otrovanja, toksičnost, toksikokinetika, mehanizam toksičnog djelovanja, klinički znakovi otrovanja, dijagnostika i liječenje otrovanih životinja. Cilj ovog rada je detaljan opis najčešćih lijekova koji se zloupotrebljuju, klinički protokol te terapija otrovanih životinja u svrhu informiranja vlasnika životinja u smislu preventivnog djelovanja i izbjegavanja rizika kontakta životinja sa navedenim lijekovima.Exposure to illegal drugs is very common cause of companion animal poisoning, of which dogs are the most susceptible. The poisoning is due to accidental ingestion, wrong dosage, but also malicious poisoning. Illegal drug ingestion presents both diagnostic and ethical challenge to the clinician and pet owners may not be aware of what the animal was exposed to. This thesis describes the most common central nervous system depressants (marijuana, barbiturates, opioids, "club" drugs-flunitrazepam and GHB), stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines and MDMA), hallucinogenic and dissociative drugs (LSD, LSA, phencyclidine and ketamine) in context of veterinary toxicology- sources of poisoning, toxicity, toxicokinetic, mechanism of action-clinical signs of poisoning, diagnostics and treatment of poisoned animals. The aim of this thesis is a detailed description of the most commonly used drugs, clinical protocol and treatment of poisoned animals in order to raise awareness for animal owners in terms of preventive action and avoiding the risk of animal contact with these drugs