An Individual and a Collective in the Prose of Marek Hlasko

Nakon socrealističkog perioda književnosti, uslijedilo je razdoblje Jugovine. Sustav koji je nalagao crno – bijeli prikaz stvarnosti u kojoj postoje oni koji ga podržavaju ili oni koji su protiv, počeo je doživljavati krizu. Društveno političke promjene u listopadu 1956. god. najavljivale su prekid s represivnom ideologijom države, koja je sebi pokušala podrediti sve segmente javnog života. Zatomljeni pojedinca počeo je nalaziti svoj glas u javnom prostoru. U takvim se okolnostima Marek Hłasko dobro uklopio; njegove priče o alijeniranim, pobunjenim likovima i surovosti života čitale su se kao demaskiranje laži propagirane utopije. Na Hłaskovo stvaralaštvo, osim događaja Jugovine i odbacivanje socrealističkih načela, utjecala je zapadna kultura i filozofija egzistencijalizma. Hłasko je postao glas jedne generacije koji je utjelovio osobne želje za različitosti i buntovništvom. Njegov se imidž s godinama mijenjao. Kako se Jugovina bližila kraju, tako je i mišljenje u javnosti o njemu postajalo sve negativnije. Cilj ovog rada bio je propitati odnos između pojedinca i kolektiva u prozi Mareka Hłaska. Fokus je na Hłaskovim djelima napisanim u Poljskoj kroz koja se analizira prijelaz autorovog početnog vjerovanja u socijalističke ideje do predstavljanja alternativne stvarnosti. Rad se dotiče njegove autobiografije iz koje se iščitavaju mehanizmi kreiranja vlastitog imidža i ,,izmišljene stvarnosti“. Kroz rad se pokazalo kako je Hłaskova djela nemoguće interpretirati bez konteksta vremena i poznavanja autorovog lika.The socrealistic period of literature was followed by the period of the Polish Thaw. That system, which imposed a ,,black and white“ view of reality in which there are those who support it and those who oppose it, began to experience the crisis. Socio-political changes in October 1956 announced a break-up with the repressive ideology of the state, which tried to subordinate all segments of public life to itself. A suppressed individual began to find his voice in the public space. Marek Hłasko fit in well in such circumstances. His stories of alienated, rebellious characters and the cruelty of life were interpreted as exposing the lies of propagated utopia. Apart from the events of the Polish Thaw and the rejection of socrealistic principles, Hłasko's creativity was influenced by Western culture and the philosophy of existentialism. Hłasko became the voice of a generation that embodied personal desires for diversity and rebellion. Nonetheless, his image changed throughout the years. As the Polish Thaw was approaching to an end, the public opinion about him was becoming more and more negative. The aim of this thesis was to examine the relationship between the individual and the collective in the prose of Marek Hłasko. The focus was on his works written in Poland through which we analyse the transition from the author's initial belief in socialist ideas to the demonstration of an alternative reality. This thesis touches on his autobiography from which the mechanisms of creating his own image and the ,,true fabrication“ are being read. This thesis is showing that Hłasko's works can not be interpreted without the historical context and understanding the author's character