Impact of vehicle-to-grid on the European electricity system – the electric vehicle battery as a storage option

This study analysis the potential for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) to contribute with power and energy to the electricity system by storing electricity. The work applies a costminimisation model of the electricity system assuming zero CO2 emission and run for selected European regions. The modeling shows that EV batteries can contribute with a very large additional power capacity each hour of the year, while still full filling driving demands. V2G can replace investments in other storage technologies to help integrate more wind and solar power in the electricity system, as long as the transport sector pays for the battery investments. There will be additional cycling of the EV batteries