Monitoring and Evaluation of the most Significant Metabolic Diseases in Dairy Cattle

U ovom diplomskom radu opisane su najučestalije, a ujedno i najvažnije metaboličke bolesti na farmama mliječnih krava. To su: SARA, ketoza te hipokalcemija. Ove bolesti krava izravno su povezane s prehranom koja je i vrlo složena te zahtijeva znanje i primjenu suvremene tehnologije kako bi se spriječila pojava navedenih bolesti i gubici koji iz toga mogu proizaći. Prehrana povišenim sadržajem lako probavljivih ugljikohidrata, uz istovremeno nedovoljan unos grube vlaknine dovodi do pada pH buragovog sadržaja ispod 5,5 te posljedičnog razvijanja subakutne acidoze buraga (SARA-e). Nestašica ugljikohidrata u prehrani mliječnih krava, previsok udio koncentrata ili vlažna silaža dovode do razvitka različitih tipova ketoze, a obilje hrane bogate kalcijem u razdoblju pred porod dovodi do razvitka porođajne hipokalcemije.. Redovitim praćenjem pH-vrijednosti buraga, pretragom mokraće i mlijeka na ketone te uzorkovanjem krvi za utvrđivanje razine kalcija u serumu može se djelovati preventivno, pripremiti pravilan obrok i osigurati dobro zdravstveno stanje te visoku produktivnost na čemu se temelji dobar management na farmi mliječnih krava.This Graduate thesis describes the most frequent and most important metabolic diseases in dairy cattle farms. These are: SARA, ketosis and hypocalcemia. These diseases are directly related to the very complex feeding that requires knowledge and use of modern technology to prevent cows from becoming ill and losses that arise from it. Diet with elevated content of easily digestible carbohydrates, while at the same time insufficient fibre intake, results in a drop of ruminal pH-value below 5,5 and the consequent development of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Carbohydrate deficiency in dairy cow's diet, too high concentration of concentrate or moist silage lead to the development of different types of ketosis in cows, while calcium rich food in the period before the birth leads to the development of hypocalcemia. Regular monitoring of ruminal pH-value, urine and milk monitoring of the presence of ketones and blood sampling to determine the level of calcium in the serum, we can act preventively and focus on proper meal preparation to ensure a healthy state and high productivity on which a good management of dairy cow farms is based on