Influence of the Diet on Milk Composition and Quality and Occurrence of the Mastitis in Dairy Cows

U ovom diplomskom radu opisan je utjecaj prehrane na lokalni imunosni odgovor mliječne žlijezde na infekcije bakterijske etiologije, kvalitetu mlijeka i pojavu mastitisa u mliječnih krava. Kako bi objasnili taj utjecaj prehrane ukratko je opisano funkcioniranje probavnog sustava mliječnih krava te fiziološke potrebe za hranom kroz period suhostaja i laktacije. Navedene su prehrambene potrebe u visokoproduktivnih mliječnih krava te su opisane mogućnosti manipulacije mliječnim komponenata pomoću hrane te utjecaj prehrane na imunosni sustav i imunosni status jedinke, a time i na lokalni imunosni zaštitni odgovor mliječne žlijezde. Također, opisane su anatomija i imunosni status zdrave mliječne žlijezde te je objašnjen način sekrecije mlijeka radi lakšeg prepoznavanja uvjeta za nastanak latentnog i kliničkog mastitisa. Navedeni su i objašnjeni kriteriji kvalitete, mlijeka kao što su sastav mlijeka i broj somatskih stanica u mlijeku. Nadalje, opisan je mastitis te njegovi uzročnici i klinički oblici. Na kraju navedeni su utjecaji različitih načina prehrane na sastav i kvalitetu mlijeka te na učestalost pojave mastitisa u mliječnih krava te su shodno tome izneseni i određeni zaključci.In this diploma work influence of the diet on local immune response of mammary gland to infections of bacterial etiology, milk quality and incidence of mastitis in dairy cows was described. In order to explain such influence of the diet we have shortly also described functioning of digestive system of dairy cows and their physiological nutritional requirements during dry period and lactation. Nutritional requirements were mentioned in highly productive dairy cows and potential manipulations with milk components by nutrition were described. Also, the influence of diet on immune system and immune status of individual animal and along with that local immune protective response of mammary gland. In addition, we have described anatomy and immune status of healthy mammary gland and explained milk secretions in order to facilitate recognition of predisposing factors for occurrence of latent and clinical mastitis. The criteria of milk quality such as composition of milk and somatic cells count were also mentioned and explained. Furthermore, the mastitis was described, its causative agents and clinical forms. At the end we have mentioned the influence of different dietary regimes on composition and milk quality as well as on frequency of mastitis incidence in dairy cows, and thus particular conclusions were presented