Iron Deficiency and Anemia Caused by Iron Deficiency in Children

Anemija je najrašireniji krvni poremećaj na svijetu. Opisuje se kao stanje u kojemu je smanjena količina eritrocita ili hemoglobina u krvi pa je smanjena opskrba organizma kisikom. Postoji mnogo vrsta anemije, a najčešća je sideropenična anemija uzrokovana deficitom željeza. Povezano s tim, deficit željeza je najčešći deficit, a iako je češći u nerazvijenim zemljama njegova učestalost u razvijenim zemljama je i dalje visoka. Posljedice sideropenične anemije su mnogo ozbiljnije od uobičajnih simptoma anemije. Zbog brojnih uloga željeza u organizmu njegov deficit uzrokuje mnoge fizičke i psihičke poremećaje. Najugroženija su djeca jer se posljedice anemije u djetinjstvu ne mogu izliječiti i ostaju doživotno. Djeca su rizična skupina zbog brzog rasta, a novorođenčad s majčinim mlijekom ne unosi željezo pa su do uvođenja krute hrane ovisna o urođenim zalihama željeza. Uz željezo, deficiti vitamina B12 i folne kiseline su česti uzročnici anemije, a njihov manjak također ima ozbiljne posljedice za djecu. Zato je vrlo važna prevencija njihova deficita, najbolje prehranom i prema potrebi suplementacijom.Anemia is the most common blood disorder. It is described as a state in which there is a reduced amount of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in blood so supply of oxygen in the organism is reduced. There are many types of anemia, and the most common one is sideropenic anemia caused by iron deficit. Connected with it, iron deficit is the most common deficit, and although it is more common in undevelopted countries it's pervalence in developted countries is still high. The consequences of sideropenic anemia are more serious the usual symptoms of anemia. Because of iron's many roles in organism it's deficit causes numerous physical and psychological disorders. The most threatened are the children because consequences of childhood anemia can't be cured and there are permanent. Children are a critical group because of their fast growth, and newborns don't receive iron through mother's milk therefore they are dependent on the inborn supply of iron until the introduction of solid foood. Besides iron, the deficits of vitamin B12 and folic acid are common causes of anemia, and their shortage also has serious consequences for children. Because of this, prevention of their deficits is very important, best done by food and as needed by supplementation