SUPPLEMENTING REGULAR FOOD WITH FOOD SUPPLEMENTS. ENRICHED FOOD AND FOOD FOR SPECIAL NUTRITIONAL NEEDS/ ENTERA, PARENTERAL

Počeci prehrane temeljili su se na prirodnom i fiziološkom nagonu čovjeka da pronađe dovoljno hrane. Ti su se kriteriji s vremenom izgubili i čovjek je sve češće birao hranu koja mu se sviđa. Osim vode, u organizmu ima najviše bjelančevina. One izgrađuju mišiće, krv, kožu, kosu, nokte i unutrašnjost organa. Najvažniji izvor ugljikohidrata su namirnice biljnog porijekla; žitne pahuljice, kruh, tjestenina, riža, voće, povrće, mlijeko, mliječni proizvodi, šećer i slastice. Masti u hrani su nosioci vitamina topivih u mastima te hrani daju okus i miris. Vitamini su metabolički katalizatori kojima je zadaća regulacija biokemijskih reakcija unutar organizma. Čovjekov organizam ih ne može proizvesti samostalno već ih moramo unijeti putem hrane. Neki od važnih minerala za ljudsko tijelo su željezo, kalcij, magnezij, fosfor, kalij, natrij, cink i krom. Hrana za posebne prehrambene potrebe (PARNUTS) je hrana posebnog sastava ili posebnog načina proizvodnje koja se razlikuje od uobičajene hrane zbog svojih prehrambenih svojstava. Enteralna prehrana danas je postala razumna i jeftinija alternativa parenteralnoj prehrani u situacijama kada je crijevo u funkciji, te opće prihvaćena metoda liječenja. Parenteralna prehrana je način opskrbe organizma energetskim supstratima, aminokiselinama, vodom i drugim hranjivim tvarima, krvožilnim putem. Pravilna prehrana u dječjoj i mladenačkoj dobi osigurava pravilan rast i razvoj organizma te općenito pridonosi održavanju tjelesnog i mentalnog zdravlja i općoj otpornosti prema bolestima.The beginnings of nutriton were based on the natural and physiological urge of man to find enough food. The secriteria were lost over time, and more and more people were choosing the food they liked. In addition to water, the body contains mostly the protein. They build muscle, blood, skin, hair, nails and the interior of the organ. The most important source of carbohydrates are foods of vegetable origin: cereal, bread, pasta, rice, fruits, vegetables, milk, dairy, sugar and sweets. Fats in food are carriers of fat-soluble vitamins and give the food taste and aroma. Vitamins are metabolic catalysts designed to regulate biochemical reactions within the body. The human body cannot produce them on its own, but we have to feed them through food. Some of the important minerals for the human body are iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, zinc and chromium. Food for special nutritional uses (PARNUTS) is a food of special composition or special production that differs from conventional food because of its nutritional properties. Enteral nutrition today has become a reasonable and less expensive alternative to parenteral nutrition in situations where the gut is functioning and a generally accepted method of treatment. Parenteral nutrition is a way of supplying the body with energy substrates, amino acids, water and other nutrients through the blood stream. Proper nutrition in childhood and adolescence ensures proper growth and development of the organism and generally contributes to maintaining physical and mental health and general resistance to disease