NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PHYSIOTHERAPISTS IN OSTEOPOROSIS

Svijet doživljava sve veći porast starijeg stanovništva. Osteoporoza je globalna bolest koja u svijetu postaje jedna od vodećih bolesti kod starijih osoba. Ova „tiha“ bolest osim strukturalnog oštećenja kosti, predstavlja i veliki javnozdravstveni problem koji zahtjeva određene socio-ekonomske uvjete. Osteoporoza se dijeli na primarnu i sekundarnu. Svaki od oblika bolesti ima različite čimbenike, a osnovne čimbenike kod osteoporoze predstavljaju prijelomi i gubitak estrogena. Pojavom simptoma nužno je obavljanje dijagnostičkog pregleda, posebno kod žena starije životne dobi koristeći zlatne standarde dijagnostike, odnosno uz pomoć denziometrije. Proces liječenja osteoporoze, kao i prevencije označava duži vremenski period koji će se sastojati od suradnje bolesnika s liječnikom i fizioterapeutom. Svrha medikamentozne terapije je smanjenje rizika od prijeloma. Osim medikamentozne terapije važna je regulirana i zdrava prehrana bolesnika. Osnove zdrave prehrane polazit će od osnovnih elemenata prehrane, a to su makronutrijenti i mikronutrijenti. Pravilan omjer makronutrijenata (bjelančevine,masti i ugljikohidrati) i mikronutrijenata (vitamini, minerali) te njihov unos, uz vodu predstavljaju temelj za suzbijanje osteoporoze. Osim tjelesne kontrole i uspostavljanja zdravih životnih navika potreban je nadzor stručnog medicinskog osoblja koje uključuju rad fizioterapeuta. Provedba fizioterapijskih postupaka putem fizikalnih čimbenika i kineziterapije značajan je utisak na funkcionalan status pojedinca. Osim što djeluje kao rehabilitator, fizioterapeut djeluje kao djelatnik koji prevenira nastanak prijeloma i poboljšava sposobnosti pojedinca. Fizioterapijski procesi predstavljaju širok spektar primjene, kako uz pomoć elektroterapija tako i uz pomoć vježbi s opterećenjem, vježbi aerobnog tipa i slično.The world is experiencing a growing population increase. Osteoporosis is a global disease that is becoming one of the leading diseases in the elderly in the world. This "silent" disease, in addition to structural bone damage, is also a major public health problem that requires certain socio-economic conditions. Osteoporosis is divided into primary and secondary. Each of the forms of the disease has different factors, and basic factors in osteoporosis are fractures and estrogen loss. Onset of symptoms, it is necessary to perform a diagnostic examination, especially in older women, using the gold standards of diagnosis, densiometry. The process of osteoporosis treatment as well as prevention signifies a longer period of time, which will consist of the patient's cooperation with the doctor and physiotherapist. The purpose of drug therapy is to reduce the risk of fracture. In addition to medication therapy, regulated and healthy diet is important. The basics of a healthy diet will start from the basic elements of nutrition, macronutrients and micronutrients. The proper ratio of macronutrients (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) and their intake, along with water, will form the basis for the suppression of osteoporosis. In addition to physical control and the establishment of healthy lifestyle habits, the supervision of professional medical staff involving the work of physical therapists is required. The implementation of physiotherapy procedures through physical factors and kinesitherapy is a significant impression on the functional status of the individual. In addition to acting as a rehabilitator, a physiotherapist acts as a practitioner to prevent fractures and enhance an individual's abilities. Physiotherapy processes represent a wide range of applications, both with the help of electrotherapy and with the help of exercise exercises, aerobic exercises and the like