PREVENTION IN THE FUNCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DESEASES

Kardiovaskulane bolesti su bolesti srca i krvnih žila. Prema podacima Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije kardiovaskularne bolesti su vodeći uzrok smrti u svijetu, od kojih godišnje umre oko 17 milijuna ljudi, a od toga 5,5 milijuna odnosno 48% svih smrti u Europi. Kardiovaskularne bolesti su u velikoj mjeri preventabilne, to jest moguće ih je spriječiti ili odgoditi njihov početak i nastanak komplikacija, djelujući na čimbenike rizika važne za nastanak bolesti kao što su pušenje, alkohol, povišeni krvni tlak, masnoće u krvi, nepravilna prehrana, pretilost i sjedilački način života. Ti rizični čimbenici uzrokuju oštećenje srčanih i moždanih krvnih žila te dolazi do ateroskleroze, koja se počinje razvijati još u djetinjstvu, a manifestira se u osoba srednje životne dobi u obliku srčanog ili moždanog udara. Score tablicom se procjenjuje desetogodišnji rizik za obolijevanje od smrtonosnih kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Cilj primarne prevencije je rano otkrivanje čimbenika rizika, a sekundarne prevencije liječenje pojedinih čimbenika i usporavanje razvoja ateroskleroze te kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Prevencija kardiovaskularnih bolesti započinje u ranoj mladosti i traje cijeli život. Bitno je što ranije upoznati osobe kako voditi zdrav način života te educirati o rizičnim čimbenicima koji dolaze sa lošim navikama.Cardiovascular diseases are diseases of heart and blood vessels. According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, of which about 17 million people die annually, making it 5.5 million (respectively 48%) of all deaths in Europe. Cardiovascular diseases are largely preventable, i.e. it is possible to prevent or delay their beginning and the emergence of complications, affecting on risk factors important for the onset of diseases such as smoking, alcohol, elevated blood pressure, blood fats, irregular nutrition, obesity and sedentary lifestyle. These risk factors cause damage to heart and brain blood vessels that leads to atherosclerosis, which begins to develop in childhood and manifests itself in a one’s middle age in the form of a heart attack or stroke. SCORE chart assesses a ten-year risk of illness from fatal cardiovascular diseases. Primary prevention objective is early detection of risk factors, and secondary prevention objective is the treatment of certain factors and slowdown of development of atherosclerosis as well as cardiovascular diseases. Prevention of cardiovascular disease starts in the early teens and lasts a lifetime. It is important to acquaint people on how to lead a healthy lifestyle and to educate them about the risk factors that come with bad habits