THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE EXCERCISES IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ANKLE INJURIES IN BASKETBALL

Ozljede nožnog zgloba su jedne od najčešćih ozljeda općenito u svim sportovima. Iako su ozljede nožnog zgloba visoko zastupljene u svim sportovima, najčešće se događaju baš u košarci. 85% ozljeda nožnoga zgloba su uganuća, i od tih svih uganuća, 85% su inverzijska uganuća lateralnih ligamenata nožnoga zgloba. Vrlo bitan aspekt za prevenciju tih uganuća je propriocepcija. Propriocepcija predstavlja svjesni i nesvjesni osjet položaja i pokreta u zglobu. Da bi kontrolirao balans, središnji živčani sustav (SŽS) integrira vizualne, vestibularne i proprioceptivne informacije kako bi dao motorički odgovor koji koordinira mišićne obrasce. Košarka se igra između dvije momčadi sastavljene od po pet igrača na terenu. Zbog specifičnosti košarkaške igre, često se događaju uganuća nožnoga zgloba i vrlo je bitno raditi na propriocepciji kod košarkaša. Kad je već došlo do samog uganuća kod sportaša, vrlo je bitno što prije započeti s fizioterapijskom intervencijom. Fizioterapijska intervencija uganuća nožnog zgloba započinje fizioterapijskom procjenom prema SOAP modelu i specijalnim testovima za nožni zglob. Terapija se temelji na RICE metodi u akutnoj fazi, a u naprednijoj fazi rehabilitacije vrlo su bitne vježbe propriocepcije. Od fizikalnih procedura koriste se još i TENS, terapijski ultrazvuk, terapijski laser, kineziotaping, te masaža i mobilizacija područja nožnog zgloba.Ankle injuries are one of the most common injuries in general in all of sports. Although, the ankle injury is highly represented in all sports, they most often occur in basketball. 85% of these injuries are ankle sprains, and of all of these sprains, 85% are inversion sprains of the lateral ligaments of the ankle. Very important aspect of prevention of these sprains is proprioception. Proprioception represents conscious and subconcious sense of the position and movement in the joint. To control the balance, the central nervous system (CNS) integrates visual, vestibular and proprioceptivo information to give motor response that coordinates muscle patterns. Basketball is played between two teams drawn up of five players on the basketball court. The goal of each team is to score by throwing the ball through the opponent's basket while preventing the opponent to do the same. Due to specifics of basketball game, ankle sprain occurs quite often and because of that it is very important to work on proprioception with basketball players. When ankle sprain already occurred, there is need for physical therapy intervention. The physical therapy intervention of ankle sprain begins with physiotherapy assesment to SOAP model and special tests for ankle joint. The therapy is based on the RICE method in the acute phase, and at a more advanced stage of rehabilitation proprioception excersises are very important. Of the physical procedures the most used are TENS, ultrasound therapy, laser therapy, massage and mobilization of the ankle joint