Incidence and clinical features of hypotrophic newborns weighing less than 1500 grams born at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University Hospital Center Zagreb in 2018

Mala rodna masa, često zbog intrauterinog zastoja u rastu, je uz prematuritet najčešći uzrok perinatalnog mortaliteta. Novorođenčad rodne mase manje od 1500 grama ima specifične potrebe u prvim danima života te posljedično zahtijeva velike financijske i medicinske resurse. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi broj hipotrofične novorođenčadi rodne mase manje od 1500 grama, rođene u Klinici za ženske bolesti i porode KBC-a Zagreb u 2018. godini, te opisati njihove osobitosti. Ovo istraživanje bilo je retrospektivno i deskriptivno. Uključivalo je 23 hipotrofične novorođenčadi rodne mase manje od 1500 grama, rođene u razdoblju između 1. siječnja i 31. prosinca 2018. godine. Nakon što su podaci skupno analizirani, novorođenčad je podijeljena u skupine prema rodnoj masi i gestacijskoj dobi. Analizirane su sljedeće karakteristike: spol, rodna masa i duljina, ponderalni indeks, način porođaja, stav ploda, graviditet i paritet majke, višeplodna trudnoća, Apgar ocjena u 5. minuti života, boravak u inkubatoru, parenteralna prehrana, reanimacija, intubacija, invazivna strojna ventilacija, korištenje nCPAP-a i smrtni ishod. Rezultati su pokazali da je incidencija hipotrofične novorođenčadi rodne mase manje od 1500 grama u ovom rodilištu iznosila 5,9‰. Ukupno je bilo 2,2% novorođenčadi vrlo male rodne mase, a hipotrofičnih je među njima bilo 26,7%. Što je rodna masa bila veća i gestacija dulja, to je bolji bio kratkoročni ishod novorođenčadi. Ovakvi rezultati naglašavaju važnost prenatalne skrbi jer povećanje tjelesne mase i produljenje gestacije smanjuju morbiditet i mortalitet. Zaključno, iako je preživljenje hipotrofične novorođenčadi vrlo male rodne mase povećano poboljšanjem neonatalne skrbi, ona još uvijek ima ozbiljne kratkoročne i dugoročne zdravstvene posljedice. Daljnja istraživanja trebala bi poboljšati razumijevanje specifičnih potreba ove visoko rizične populacije novorođenčadi.Small birth weight, often due to IUGR, and prematurity are the most common causes of perinatal mortality. Newborns weighing less than 1500 grams have specific needs in their earliest days of life, consequently requiring great financial and medical resources. The aim of this study was to determine the number of hypotrophic newborns weighing less than 1500 grams born at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University Hospital Center Zagreb in 2018, as well as to describe their clinical features. This study was retrospective and descriptive. It included 23 hypotrophic newborns weighing less than 1500 grams, who were born between January 1st and December 31st 2018. After the data were analysed together, the newborns were divided into groups according to their birth weight and gestational age. The following characteristics were analysed: sex, birth weight and length, ponderal index, way of delivery, position in the womb, mother's gravidity and parity, multiple pregnancy, Apgar score in 5th minute, care in the incubator, parenteral feeding, reanimation, intubation, invasive mechanical ventilation, nCPAP and death outcome. The results showed that the incidence of hypotrophic newborns weighing less than 1500 grams in this hospital was 5.9‰. The incidence of very low birth weight newborns was 2.2%, among which 26.7% were hypotrophic. Newborns with higher weight and longer gestational age had better short-term outcomes than newborns with lower weight and shorter gestational age. These results stress the importance of prenatal care, as each gram and each day count. In conclusion, even though the survival rates of hypotrophic newborns with very low birth weight have increased, they still have serious short-term and long-term health consequences. Further research should improve the understanding of this high-risk population's needs