Relevant topics and traditions in teaching natural sciences and social studies

Kod obilježavanja prigodnih tema i tradicionalnih običaja u školi i kroz nastavu, učenička znanja i iskustva koja su stekli u obitelji i kroz obilježavanje određenih događanja u svome mjestu, se proširuju i produbljuju. Pri tome je važno da se zajedničko vrijeme i aktivnosti koje učenici provode u školi s učiteljima dobro isplaniraju i osmisle aktivnosti kako bi učenike uspjeli bolje motivirati, da lakše usvoje nova znanja i sposobnosti. Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi najučestalije udžbenike koji se koriste u školama u Karlovačkoj županiji, analizirati sadržaje udžbenika vezane za prigodne teme, blagdane i praznike, utvrditi i analizirati oblike pojedinih aktivnosti prilikom obilježavanja prigodnih tema, utvrditi broj učestalosti pojedinih aktivnosti pri obilježavanju prigodnih tema i blagdana te odrediti broj škola koje sudjeluju u provedbama aktivnosti kroz svaku prigodnu temu ili blagdan. Analizom školskih kurikuluma svih 27 škola Karlovačke županije utvrđeni su različiti oblici aktivnosti pri obilježavanju blagdana, praznika i prigodnih tema koji su kategorizirani u 6 kategorija: izvanučionička nastava, praktični rad, igra, radionice, pisanje priča i pjesama te druge aktivnosti. Od ukupno 623 aktivnosti pri obilježavanju 24 blagdana, praznika i prigodnih tema u 27 osnovnih škola utvrđeno je da su redom prema zastupljenosti oblici provođenja aktivnosti bili: praktični rad (237 aktivnosti, 38%), zatim druge aktivnosti (151 aktivnosti, 24%), radionice (109 aktivnosti, 17%), izvanučionička nastava (72 aktivnosti, 12%), igra (30 aktivnosti, 5%) i kao najmanje korištena vrsta aktivnosti je pisanje priča i pjesama (24 aktivnosti, 4%). Pri obilježavanju blagdana, praznika i prigodnih tema u osnovnim škola Karlovačke županije škole i učitelji organiziraju veliki broj aktivnosti prilikom čega ulažu veliki trud u njihova provođenja. Veliki trud se ulaže kako bi sadržaji i aktivnosti bile što zanimljivije i kako bi se učenicima kroz iskustva tj. njihovu izvornu stvarnost približili običaji i tradicija, kako bi ih naučili i zapamtili te naposljetku svoja znanja prenijeti na buduće generacije.When considering the relevant topics and traditional customs at school and through the studying process, the students' knowledge and the experience they have already acquired within their families and through observing certain events in their native environment are getting wider and deeper. It is extremely important that the time the students spend and the activities they participate in at school and with their teachers should be well planned in order to motivate the students to further deepen their knowledge and acquire new skills. The purpose of this thesis was to find out which the most used textbooks used in the Karlovac County schools are, to analyze the contents of those textbooks that are connected to observing those topics, holidays and festivals, to discover and analyze the forms of certain activities while observing and celebrating certain days, to determine how often some of the activities associated with the observing of those themes occur and also to determine the number of schools that participate in the activities dedicated to certain topics and holidays. By analyzing the school curricula of all the twenty-seven schools in the Karlovac County, there have been identified different types of activities with regard to observing festivals, holidays and relevant topics, categorized into six groups: outdoor activities, practical work, playing and games, workshops, writing stories and poems and other activities. Of the 623 activities connected with the observing of 24 festivals, holidays and relevant themes in the 27 elementary schools, it has been concluded that the activities used were as follows: practical work (237 activities, 38%), other activities (151 activities, 24%), workshops (109 activities, 17%), outdoor lessons (72 activities, 12%), playing and games (30 activities, 5%), as well as the least frequently used activity type, the writing of stories and poems (24 activities, 4%). When observing various feasts, festivals, holidays and relevant themes in the Karlovac County elementary schools, the teachers organize a large number of activities and they put in a lot of effort to carry them out. The teachers also do their best to make the topics and activities as interesting as possible, and they try to make the students' customs and traditions as familiar as possible through experience, i.e. their original reality, so that they can learn and memorize them and, in the end, transfer their knowledge to future generations