Differences in motor abilities of pupils according to nutritional status

U dosadašnjim istraživanjima dokazano je da djeca sve više vremena provode sjedilački te imaju problema s prekomjernom tjelesnom masom koja negativno utječe na zdravlje i motoričke sposobnosti. Osim toga, u dosadašnjim istraživanjima utvrđene su i razlike u motoričkim sposobnostima učenika različitog statusa uhranjenosti. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike u motoričkim sposobnostima učenika različitog statusa uhranjenosti. Sekundarni cilj bio je utvrditi postoje li razlike u motoričkim sposobnostima s obzirom na spol te da li postoji povezanost statusa uhranjenosti i rezultata u testovima za procjenu repetitivne i eksplozivne snage. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 107 učenika (64 učenice i 43 učenika) četvrtih razreda dviju osnovnih škola u Zadru. Uzorak varijabli sastojao se od 2 antropometrijske varijable (tjelesna masa i tjelesna visina) i 6 varijabli za procjenu eksplozivne i repetitivne snage. Učenici su bili podijeljeni u dvije subgrupe po spolu: prvu subgrupu činili su normalno uhranjeni učenici, a drugu učenici s prekomjernom tjelesnom masom i pretili učenici. Dobiveni rezultati ovog istraživanja dokazali su da postoje statistički značajne razlike između normalno uhranjenih učenika i učenika s prekomjernom tjelesnom masom zajedno s pretilim učenicima u testu skok u dalj (razlika je značajna i kod učenika i kod učenica) i u testu skok u vis (razlika je statistički značajna samo kod učenika). U navedenim testovima bolje rezultate postižu učenici normale tjelesne mase u odnosu na učenike prekomjerne tjelesne mase i pretile. Također, rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazali su i na postojanje statistički značajnih razlika u nekim testovima za procjenu eksplozivne i repetitivne snage s obzirom na spol. U svim testovima gdje je utvrđena statistički značajna razlika učenici ostvaruju bolje rezultate u odnosu na učenice. Statistički značajan negativan utjecaj indeksa tjelesne mase (ITM) na eksplozivnu snagu dokazan je kod učenica i učenika u testu skok u dalj s mjesta. Kod učenika je utvrđena negativna povezanost ITM i testa skok u vis s mjesta, a kod učenica je utvrđena pozitivna povezanost između ITM i testa bacanje medicinke.Recent studies have attested to the fact that children are living a sedentary life, which causes an excessive increase in body weight, thus negatively affecting their health and motor skills. Furthermore, studies up to this point have proven that there are differences in the motor skills of pupils with different nutritional status. The aim of this paper was to determine the differences in the motor skills of pupils with different nutritional status. The secondary goal was to determine whether there are differences in motor skills with respect to gender and whether there is a correlation between the nutritional status and the results in the tests estimating the repetitive and explosive strength. The research was conducted on a sample of 107 pupils (64 girls and 43 boys) of the fourth grade of two primary schools in Zadar. The variable sample consisted of 2 anthropometric variables (body weight and body height) and 6 variables for estimating explosive and repetitive strength. The pupils were divided into two subgroups according to gender: the first subgroup was comprised of normal weighted pupils, and the other group was consisted of over weighted and obese pupils. The results of this research have shown that there are statistically significant differences between normal weighted pupils and over weighted and obese pupils in the test long jump (the difference is significant for both male and female pupils) and in the test high jump (the difference is statistically relevant only for male pupils). In the aforementioned tests, the best results are achieved by pupils who are of a normal body weight versus pupils with over weighted and obese pupils. Furthermore, the results of this research have indicated to the existence of statistically significant differences in some of the tests for estimating explosive and repetitive strength in regards to gender. In all tests where a statistically significant difference is found, male pupils have achieved better results than female pupils. The statistically significant negative impact of the body mass index (BMI) on explosive strength has been proven in male and female pupils in a test standing long jump. The negative correlation between the BMI and the test high jump from place was found with male pupils, and a positive correlation between the BMI and the test throwing a medicine ball was found with female pupils