Važnost dermoskopije u ranoj dijagnozi melanoma

Melanom je najmaligniji tumor kože i sluznica.Jedan od razloga zbog čega je toliko opasan je taj što melanom ima tendenciju izrazito ranog limfogenog i hematogenog metastaziranja. Melanocitne promjene, a najčešće veliki kongenitalni i atipični madeži te veliki broj madeža su rizični faktor za nastanak melanomazbog njihove mogućnosti evolucije u maligne melanomejer su marker za nastanakde novomelanoma. Od ključne je važnosti da na vrijeme prepoznamo suspektnu promjenu, potvrdimo dijagnozu, potom odredimo stadij bolesti radi optimalneterapije i boljeg preživljenja. Dermoskopija, neinvazivna dijagnostička metoda,podrazumijeva pregled promjene ručnim dermoskopom i/ili digitalnim dermoskopom. Dermoskopija čini poveznicu između kliničkog pregleda i dermatopatologije jer se njome analiziraju specifične morfološke strukture koje nisu vidiljive kliničkim pregledom. Najbitnija funkcija dermoskopije je diferencijacija pigmentnih promjena na melanocitne i nemelanocitne promjene te diferencijacija unutar tih skupina. Posebno je važna diferencijacija melanoma od drugih melanocitnih i nemelanocitnih promjena te rana dijagnoza melanoma, hipomelanotičnog i amelanotičnog melanoma. Prava potpora dermoskopije u dijagnozi pigmentnih promjena omogućena je zahvaljujući kliničkom i dermoskopksom fotodokumentacijom te sekvencijskom kratkotrajnom i dugotrajnom monitoriranju promjena. Nadalje, osim u analizi pigmentnih promjena, dermoskopija se koristi i u općoj dermatologiji i u venerologiji.Melanomaisthe most malignant tumor of the skin and mucosa.One of the reasons why it is so dangerous is that melanoma tends to have lymphatic and hematogenic metastatses. Melanocytic lesions, most commonly large and congenital and atypical moles as well as high number of nevi on the body, are a risk factor for development of melanoma de novo and due to their potential for evolution into melanoma. It is crucial to recognize the malignant change, to confirm the diagnosis, to determ the stage of the disease in order to begin with optimal treatment and in order to have better prognosis. Dermoscopy, a non-invasive diagnostic method, useshand-held dermoscope and / or digital dermoscope. Dermoscopy makes the link between clinical examination and dermatopathology because it analyzes specific morphological structures that are not visible withclinical examinationonly. The most important function of dermoscopy is the differentiation of pigmented changes on melanocytic and nonmelanocytic changes and differentiation within these groups. Particularly important is the differentiation of melanoma from other melanocytic and nonelanocytic changes, as well as early diagnosis of melanoma and hypomelanotic and amelanotic melanoma. The right support for dermoscopy in the diagnosis of pigment changes is possible thanks to the clinical and dermoscopic photodocumentation and the sequential short-term and long-term monitoring of the changes in dermoscopic structure. In addition to the analysis of pigmented changes, dermoscopy is also used in general dermatology and venerology